otherwise go to waste and distributing it to people facing hunger.We work with manufactur-ers,retailers,and farmers to reduce food waste and get rescued food to people in need.We identify food at risk of going to waste,offer rescued food to food banks,safely shipfood over long distances and keep food fresh longer once it reaches a food bank.28.What do we know about the food in America?A.It is barely enough.B.It is quite abundant.C.It is easily available.D.It is increasingly insufficient.29.What does the underlined phrase"equates to"in paragraph 3 mean?A.Consumes.B.Multiplies.C.Equals.D.Wastes.30.How does the author reveal the food waste in America?A.By making comparisons.B.By listing reasons.C.By offering examples.D.By presenting data.31.What does Feeding America actually do?A.It teaches people how to grow food.B.It saves food from being wasted.C.It urges government to take action.D.It aims to relieve world hunger.DOne of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in NorthAmerica 16,000 years ago.According to a recent fossil discovery,that might not be true.Thenew finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.ln20l3,a damaged mammoth(猛犸象)skull and other bones that looked“deliberatelybroken"were found.The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones whocaused it to make tools.Carbon-dating analysis suggested the pieces are roughly 37,000 yearsold.This discovery could shift our understanding of humans'earliest existence in NorthAmerica.These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16,000years ago.Previous research led scientists to believe the first humans that settled in North Americabelonged to the Clovis culture.This was a group of people who left behind carefully madetools 16,000 years ago.However,carbon-dating analysis of the mammoth bones indicates thatthe site is around 36,250 to 38,900 years old.That means it's the oldest known site left be-hind by ancient humans in North America."That's not the only interesting thing about the discovery,"said Timothy Rowe,a pro-fessor at the University of Texas."The similar findings supporting an earlier date for humanarrival have been mostly ignored.This is because they have contradicted previous research.Now,however,he thinks there's a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humansfarther back in time.The early humans shaped bones into sharp blades,which were used to take apart animals'remains,according to Rowe.There are also signs that they cooked the animal bones over a:亡一*五竹个面1计1n而1111n八回扫描全能王创建

M:Excuse me.Can you tell me how much the shirt is?W:Yes,it's nine fifteen.停顿00'02你将有5秒钟的时间将正确答案标在试卷上。停顿00'05衬衫的价格为9镑15便士，所以你选择C项，并将其标在试卷上。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读第1小题的有关内容。停顿00'05”(Text 1)M:How are you？W:T'errible.My paper is due on Monday and I've only written two words-my name!(Text 2)【高三英语·参考答案第1页（共6页）】2008C·QG·W:I saw Carl at the hospital today.I wonder if his wife is ill.M:No.she is fine.His daughter just had a baby and he was visiting her.(Text 3)W:Hurry up.please,or I'll be late.M:Sorry.Madame.but the traffic this time of the day is heavy.(Text 4)M:Are you going to Mary's party on Saturday?W:It starts at 8 o'clock.doesn't it?M:Yes,she was going to have it later at 9:00,but she changed her mind.W:I'm glad she did.I've arranged for Jim to pick me up at 7:30.(Text 5)M.I've just joined the basketball team but I'm not sure whether I've got enough money to buy what is required.W:Don't worry.The clothes are cheap and I can lend you my basketball.You'll have to get some good sportsshoes.though.M:I've already got some.第一节到此结束。第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有儿个小题，从题中所给的A、B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。(Text 6)W:Excuse me.could you tell me the way to the shopping center.please?

farther back in time.The early humans shaped bones into sharp blades,which were used to take apart animals'听1remains,according to Rowe.There are also signs that they cooked the animal bones over afire to melt off the fat."The real evidence that we have has to do with the breakage patterns,and how thorough they are.They must have used rocks or hammer stones to bust the skeletonapart...These people would use whatever they could,"Rowe told USA Today.32.What can be learnt about the earliest humans in North America?pA.They arrived there 16,000 years ago.B.They caused mammoth to disappear.C.They belonged to the Clovis culture.g09V9111AD.They could make tools with bones.oldalievn)C33.Why are the findings similar to the new one ignored?A.They lack a good chance.B.They fail to draw attention.C.They disagree with earlier research.D.They aren't studied scientifically.How does Rowe find the new disvery?A.Annoying.B.Inspiring.C.Puzzling.35.What can be a suitable title for the text?D.Embarrassing.Cob vllsus anom amss1 sob torw.A.Evidence of Earlier Humans'Arrival in North AmericaB.The Earliest Humans'Settling in North AmericaC.The Earliest Tool Makers in North AmericaD.Research on Mammoths in North America第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）n01o10根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。1b“0nt29n9d1 do basI(e里Traveling in the same car with several people is an excellent idea,which allows one tosave on fuel.In the past,few of us would go to the company or work place together.We share a car every day with people whom we do not know anything about.We just need to6connect to the Internet or use a mobile app to find the perfect transport for us.37 t makes practical sense to use tools at our hands to connect with people whowould like to share cars together.Tools like mobile apps help contribute to sharing options.Undoubtedly,carpooling (is an excellent option to save some money.It also ad-justs our monthly budget for other activities,but the truth is that this type of transport is alsomuch better suited to improve the traffic conditions of cities.38Practically speaking many times,we see heavy traffic but upon further finding we wouldsee many cars with only one passenger ip it.Rather than being alone in a heavy traffic situa-tion,why not have passengers?39 the same time,you can also have amazing conver-sations.Spending on transportation is part of what we consider to be fixed expenses in a family,0【高三英语第7页（共10页）】2008C·QG·

四la8⑦N897415:32圳下理宋一汉谷，彐wams听到米日中四的父状生字四口吊生伯，她的内心很兴奋。2023届高三上学期11月段考·英语参考答案第1页共4页2/426.B细节理解题。根据第三段内容知，Williams认为配音工作促进了文化的交流子骑我裂现于起天地金得热27.改洛音根知，本段主要讲了Williams和家里人的联系出南非东海岸的自然栖息地。自从南非六年前开始允许该地区的船只在海上加油以来，阿尔戈亚湾圣克罗伊岛上的非洲企鹅数量急剧下降，该岛曾是世界上最大的企鹅繁殖地。28.C细节理解题。根据文章首段和第二段中的o escape noisy ship refueling operations"可知，这些非洲鹅逃离它们的栖息地主要是因为它们生活的区域船只加油的活动产生的噪音。29A细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段内容可知，尽管该岛曾是世界上最大的企鹅繁殖地，但是目非2016年开始允许该地区的船只在海上加油以来，阿尔戈亚湾圣克罗伊岛上的非洲企鹅数c下降30.D词义猜测题。根据句意“自2019年8月一项不颁发新许可证的命令已经生效，只有在港务局完境影响评估后才会取消。”和后面一句“2019年，在Ag0a湾发生J一次船与船之间的加油泄漏事作后，发现了被油污染的企鹅.，环保人士呼吁禁止在该湾加油。”可知，该词在此句中意为颁发”之意31C推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要陈述的是这些企鹅目前面临的现状。【解题导语】本文是说明文一个国际科研团队发现了两颗距离地球仅100光年的新行星其中一颗可能适合生命生存。这两颗行星都被称为“超级地球”，分别是LP890-9b和LP890-9c。“超级地球"是太阳系中一类独特的系外行星，比我们的星球质量更大，但比冰巨星更轻。32.B细节理解题。根据首段中的“the newly-discovered super-Earths are larger than Earth.”和第三段中的which is abou.300/1890-9c小再根据第四暖than Earth...which is 40%arth”可知，地球比LP890-9%和LPThat's because although LP890-9 is by far larger than its planets'”可知LP890-9b和LP890-9c是围绕着LP890-9转的行星，比LP890-9小很多。由此推断，这四个星球中，地球是最小的。33.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的hey foundwhile using Earth-based telesces利知童一马为容可知，研究人员是在使用地面天文望远镜进行对第一个行星观察研究时发现了第二个也就是LP890-9c34C推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要介绍了这个新行星可能具备适合生命存在的原因。35A标题归纳题。本文主要围绕两颗新行星的发现展开。一个国际科研团队发现了两颗距离地球仅100光年的新行星，其中一颗可能适合生命生存。这两颗行星都被称为“超级地球，分别是LP8909儿和LP890-9c【解题导语】本文是说明文。研究表明：在未来三十年美国的海面会上升至少025米36.G根据空前内容可知，G项“报道称在未来三十年美国的海面会上升至少0.25米”承接上文，符合语境37.A根据空后LBOuf所作的解释可知，A项“她警告说损失会很惨重”与空后内容形成因果关系，符合五38.C根据空后内容可知，本段介绍了各个地方海而上升的情况，故C项有些地方海面上升的幅度比别的地方大”作为本段主旨句，符合语境。39.EE项“没有淹没过的地方开始发洪水”与空前的海面上升越高意味着洪水越多”构成因果关系，和空后内容意义上是并列关系语境符40.B根据空前内容可知，B项“但是气候变化是可以变缓的”承接上文，并为下文作者呼吁大家努力预防气候变化作铺垫，符合语境。【解题导语】本文是记叙文。一名17岁的飞行员成为世界上最年轻的单人驾驶小型飞机环游世界的人这名男子名叫Mack Rutherford,他的旅程始于3月23日，穿越了五大洲的S2个国家，两次穿越赤道，最在保加利亚首都索非亚以西的一条跑道上降落。Rutherford成为独自环游世界的最年轻的飞行员，打破世界纪录。4l.B Mack Rutherford持有holds)英国和比利时双重公民身份，在周三完成了他的旅程42.A根据上文可知，他的飞行旅程结束，因此，此句表示他驾驶的小型飞机在保加利亚首都索菲亚着陆landed)43.C而这里就是他五个月前开始他的飞行之旅(journey)的起点44B当他在索菲亚着陆后，一群人在欢迎(welcomed)着他，并庆祝他非凡的成就(achievements)。最后段中的his children's achiements有提45D结合上一空解析此处表示他创造吉尼斯世界记录的成就46.A下,他的19岁姐姐扎拉于今年1月完了白已的单人环球飞行，创造了驾驶超轻型飞机完成环球飞行的纪录。由此可知，Rutherford出生在一个飞行员(flyers)家庭。47CMack Rutherford在2020年就获得(earned了飞行员驾照。48D在2020年，15岁的Mack Rutherford获得飞行驾照，成为了世界上最年轻的youngest)飞行员49.A根据上下文可知在他五个月的飞行旅程(ti)期间他刚好满17岁50.CRutherford成为独自环游(fly around)世界的最年轻的飞行员，打破世界纪录2023届高三上学期11月段考·英语参考答案第2页共4页51.BRutherford的旅程始于3月23日，穿越了五大洲的52个国家(countries)52.D为了能得到吉尼斯世界纪录的认可(recognized),Rutherford穿越赤道两次53.ARutherford开始计划(planned)是三个月内完成这次飞行之旅。54C但是由于经历了像暴雨和沙尘暴等这样的阻碍barriers),这次飞行时间比计划的要长一些55.D大部分延迟(delays)的时问都用在了等待获得飞行和要求配套飞行计划的文件56.B在Rutherford的飞行期间，他的姐姐不断地(constantly)和他保持联系并帮助他。下文Our parents calledhim every day也是提示。57.ARutherford的父母每天都和他通电话，而他的姐姐也加人到那些电话谈话(conversations)中，给弟弟58.B姐姐给出关于飞行线路等的建议是想证明姐姐对弟弟的飞行是有用的(useful)59.C Rutherford的父亲对于孩子们的成就感到非常高兴，自然是非常自豪的proud)60.DRutherford的父亲告诉记者们，Rutherford这样的经历有助于让其他孩子们明白要追逐(follow)自己的梦相【解题导语本文是说明文文章介绍了数学里面最著名的常量之:圆周率π。它是一个无理数个无限不循环小数。虽然有人挑战记忆它的后长的数字，但是无人能背到它的终点。它的作用很大，弄运用到很多领域之中。61 what考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句，作动词know的宾语，且从句中means后面缺宾语

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B.C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳第一节（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）选FiveeaPul Harvey as diagnosed(with AlzheimerThu he has troublePaul wascomose(and musie tencher l hi lfe One yearago his so Nick41 most things,one thing he's never truly forgotten is his 42 for music.Harveyhusi43a vid of Paul nine which spread quickly Even at ageand 44 advancing dementia()Paul was able to make a lovely whole 45 using just theDays later,a single of Paul's song"Four Notes"46 on Radio 4's Broadcasting House innotes Nick gave him:F natural,A,D,and B natural.honor of World Alzheimer's Day.Listeners loved its much that they petitioned()the BBC fora live performance.A year later,the BBC Philharmonic answered their47 when they asked Paulto perform his song with them!The 81-yearold 48 an entire afternoon with the orchestra,conducting both"Four Notes"and another one of his songs called"Where's the Sunshine"."It was very special to 49 such wonderful musicians,"Paul said later."It made me feelalive.I couldn't 50 that an orchestra was playing my music and I was standing in front of it51 them.It was a real 52."As with the original recording,all the 53 from the performance will benefit theAlzheimer's Society and Music for Dementia.Nick and his two brothers were on site to 54 their father's performance at the BBCPhilharmonic."It moved Dad and me and my two brothers,"he said."It was a dream come true forDad to conduct and play with such a 55 orchestra as an 81-year-old.It's what56areWhile his dad's short-term memory is 57,Nick hopes he will remember this once-in-a-made of..”lifetime 58.He also hopes their work with Music for Dementia 59 others to use music to60their own loved ones who suffer from memory problems.C.understandingD.predicting41.A.rememberingB.checking42.A.tasteB.loveC.respectD.patience43.A.discoveredB.sharedC.copied9D.comparedC.questioningD.battling44.A.survivingB.studying45.A.lineB.chapterC.songD.story46.A.airedB.passedC.continued量sD.focused47.A.challengeB.complaintC.invitationD.request48.A.spentB.waitedC.wastedD.missed49.A.look intoB.ask aboutC.work withD.depend on50.A.confirmB.believeC.acceptD.appreciate51.A.replacingB.helpingC.teachingD.conducting52.A.riskB.thrillC.talentD.emergency53.A.earningsB.messagesC.letters90D.pictures54.A.preventB.controlC.witnessD.evaluate55.A.newB.smallC.greatD.nameless56.A.memoriesB.dreamsC.achievementsD.intentions57.A.correctB.importantC.strangeD.terrible58.A.opportunityB.inspirationC.impressionD.possibility59.A.allowsB.forcesC.encourages60.A.findD.warnsB.reachC.remindD.protect2023高考柱柳鸿图综合横羚

10.下列离子方程式的书写正确的是A.向Na2CO溶液中滴加少量H2SO4溶液：CO号+2H一HzO+CO2个B.将CL2通入水中：Cl2+H2O一HC1+ClO+H+C.将CO2通入CaC2溶液中：CO2+Ca++H20CaCO3+2HtD.向NaHSO,溶液中滴入Ba(OH)2溶液至溶液呈中性：2Ht+SO+Ba++2OHBaSO4↓+2H2O11.下列关于钠及其化合物的说法正确的是A.NazO、NazO2互为同素异形体B.可用澄清石灰水鉴别Na2CO,和NaHCO3溶液C,Na、NaO,Na2O2久置在空气中均会因发生氧化还原反应而变质D.将Na、NazO固体分别投入漓加了紫色石蕊试液的水中，均可以得到蓝色溶液12.下列实验操作规范且能达到实验目的的是e混合气体饱和溶液NaOH饱和溶液NaHCO溶液NaOH固体分A.图甲：除去CO2中含有的少量HClB.图乙：配制0.1mol·L-1的NaOH溶液C.图丙：制备Fc(OH)3胶体D.图丁：收集氯气13.16.0g由C0和CO2组成的混合气体的总体积为8.96L(标准状况下)，则该混合气体中CO的物质的量分数为A.12.5%B.25%C.50%D.75%14.某兴趣小组的同学模拟侯德榜制碱法制取纯碱，流程如图。CO2 NH,C02NaHCO装置操作饱和NaCl①纯碱溶液装置I母液已知几种盐的溶解度如表：物质NaCINI HCONaHCONHCI20℃时溶解度/g36.021.79.637.2下列说法错误的是【高一化学第3页（共6页）】3/6

6.如图，直四棱柱ABCD-AB,C,D的底面是菱形，AA=AB=2,D∠BAD=60°，M是BB的中点，则异面直线A,M与B,C所成角的余弦值为(A.、10B.-D10UC.557.已知直线1：x+y-1=0(a∈R)分圆C:x2+y2-6x-2y+1=0的周长，过点P(-4,a)作圆C的一条切线，切点为A,则PA=()A.7B.2C.4v3D.2W108.己知曲线y=1+V4-x2与直线y=k(x-2)+4有两个不同的公共点，则实数k的取值范围是()512*oo)D.(二、选择题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求的，全部选对的得5分，部分选对的得2分，有选错的得0分.9.给出以下命题，其中正确的是(A.直线1的一个方向向量为a=(1,-1,2),直线m的一个方向向量为b=(21,-),则1与m垂直B.直线1的一个方向向量为a=(0,1,-1),面的一个法向量为n=(L,-1,-1),则1⊥0C.面，B的一个法向量分别是n=(0,1,3)n,=(1,0,2),则a1BD.若对空间中任意一点O,都有OP=1OA+}OB+0C,则P,4,B,C四点共面3610.已知直线(2m+1)x+(1-m)y-m-2=0(m∈R)与圆C:x2-4x+y2=0,则()A.对Vm∈R,直线恒过一定点B.3m∈R,使得直线与圆相切C.对Vm∈R,直线与圆一定相交D.直线与圆相交且直线被圆所截得的最短弦长为2√211.若圆x2+y2=r2(>0)上恒有4个点到直线x-y-2=0的距离为1，则实数r的可能取值是(A.√2B.√3+1C.3D.√2+12

17.解析(2)正、逆反应的衡常数互为倒数(2)确保硫酸被完全中和(2分)关系，故K2=1/K1=0.04。一个反应的计量(3)B(2分)B(2分)》数缩小几倍后，其衡常数为原衡常数(4)多(1分)浓硫酸溶于水时放热(2分)(K)的K,故K3=5。(5)偏高(2分)偏低(2分)(3)升高温度，衡常数增大，说明衡向正19.解析(1)该反应是气体分子数减小的反反应方向移动，正反应是一个吸热反应，应，反应物和产物都是气体，气体总质量不△H>0。变，在恒容密闭容器中反应，气体密度始终(4)0=c(c0):cl,）-4×4=16v(逆)。物质的量由大到小，均摩尔质量由小到答案(1)(c0)c,)(2分)c(H20)大，当均摩尔质量不变时达到衡，C项正(2)0.04(2分)5(2分)确；C02的消耗速率、CH4的生成速率表示同(3)>(2分)(1分)Q=c(C0):H,2_4×4_(2)衡时增大H2浓度，衡向生成CH4的c(H20)1方向移动，C02的转化率增大，即c>b>a。16v(逆)(3)①观察反应1和反应2可知，正反应均(2分)是气体分子数减小的反应，增大压强，衡18.解析(1)测定中和热时为了使反应完全，向正反应方向移动，C02的衡转化率增大，用玻璃搅拌器搅拌。故p1n(H+),是为了确保中和热是放热反应，升高温度，衡向逆反应方向的测定实验中H+被完全中和。移动，C02的衡转化率减小。③利用M点(3)若将两种溶液依次沿内筒内壁倒入，混数据计算衡常数。假设反应1先达到合需要时间较长，会使一部分热量散失，测得的温度偏低，放出热量的数值偏低。衡，反应2后达到衡。列三段式：(4)浓硫酸溶于水时放热，故放出的热量比C02(g)+4H2(g)、=CH4(g)+2H20(g)原实验多。初始/mol(5)量取H2S04溶液时仰视读数，会使实际1200量取体积偏大，导致实验测得的中和热数值变化/mol偏高。氨水是弱碱，电离吸热，导致实验测x4x2x得的中和热数值偏低。衡/mol答案(1)玻璃搅拌器(1分)1-x2-4x.72x

2l.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一部分第一句可知，建造Jetd'Eu是为了控制附近发电站的水的流出。22.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三部分第二句可知，人们为了看花钟而聚集在这里。23.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一部分最后一句与最后一部分最后一句可知，这两个地方在晚上都有漂亮的灯光。24~27 BDDBB篇：本文是记叙文。作者博士毕业后面临选择研究方向和实验室等一系列的问题。24.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者读完博士之后，第一步是决定自己的职业。25.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，作者虽然很看重在多个领域的经验，但认为没必要在其他领域工作。26.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者选择欧洲实验室的原因是，住在欧洲能体验不同的生活方式。27.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知，作者将在实验室设计自己的项目。28~31 BDCBC篇：本文是说明文，主要介绍了美国食物浪费的现象及Feeding America在减少食物浪费方面所做的努力。28.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，美国食物充足。29.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，在美国，每年有1080亿磅食物被浪费。这相当于每年扔掉1300亿顿饭和超过4080亿美元的食物。30.C【解析】细节理解题。通读全文可知，作者通过呈现数据来说明美国食物浪费的严重性。3l.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，Feeding Am㎡erica将原本会被浪费的高质量粮食收集起来，分发给面临饥俄的人们。32~35 DCABD篇：本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明，人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。32.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，这群人留下了16000年前精心制作的工具。33.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，这是因为早期的发现与早期的研究相矛盾。34.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Rowe认为新的研究很有可能帮助研究人员找到更早以前人类存在的证据，所以Rowe认为这个发现是鼓舞人心的。35.B【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要内容：一项新的研究表明，人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。36~40 CEGBF七选五：本文是说明文。随着拼车软件的普及，现在拼车越来越流行。拼车不仅降低出行成本，而且对环境也有好处。36.C【解析】该空上一句“过去很少有人会一起去公司或工作场所”和C项“然而现在却有点不同了”形成转折关系。37.E【解析】此段主要讲述如今的数字技术非常有利于拼车，故E项“在现在的数字时代，我们一直联系在一起”符合文义。38.G【解析】该空上一句“拼车调整了我们其他活动的每月预算…改善城市的交通状况”和G项“而且拼车改善了环境，因为它意味着更少的汽车”呼应。39.B【解析】该空上一句和B项“这有助于降低燃油成本”呼应。40.F【解析】F项“在这些情况下，汽车共享成了一个很好的选择”与该空下一句“它特别适合那些想在燃料上少花钱或想保护环境的人”呼应。41~45 BACDC 46~50 BCAAD 51~55 BDACB完形填空：本文是记叙文。作为职业规划师，我在帮助他人的同时也获得了他人的尊重。41.B【解析】考查动词。但是，她的家人不同意她回学校进修。42.A【解析】考查名词。家里有孩子需要照顾，丈夫又失业在家，她没有钱财(means)重返学校。43.C【解析】考查名词。看得出她对护理充满热情，所以我鼓励她要勇敢追梦。【高三英语·参考答案第4页（共7页）】804C·HUN·

蛋白表达调控个抑制细胞(-)CSECS衰老COPD促进调控蛋白表达(4)结合本实验的研究，为COPD的针对性治疗提出相应的建议：【答案】(1)变短有氧呼吸（或细胞呼吸）(2)2.06(3)如图P16蛋白表达调控细胞促进↑抑制周期细CSECS(-)COPD衰促进}抑制老BCL-2蛋白表达」调控细胞→凋亡(4)生产靶向BCL2或P16等调控蛋白的药物；清除相应器官中的衰老细胞；促进衰老细胞的调亡等（合理即可）【解析】(1)根据细胞衰老的端粒学说可知，随细胞分裂次数增多，染色体两端的端粒变短或染色体DNA意外损伤成为衰老细胞。线粒体是进行有氧呼吸的主要场所，因此细胞衰老时因线粒体功能障碍，会出现有氧呼吸（或细胞呼吸)速率减慢等特征。(2)据图可知，在CSE相对浓度为2.0、培养时间为6h条件下，PI6蛋白的表达量最多，因此最好选择CSE相对浓度为2.0，培养时间为6h的条件下培养的细胞进行后续实验。(3)由题意可知，PI6蛋白在衰老细胞中表达量增多，BCL2蛋白能促进细胞衰老。根据图2的结果可知，CSE会促进PI6蛋白和BCL2蛋白的表达，而CS会抑制PI6蛋白和BCL2蛋白的表达，从而延缓细胞衰老（细胞衰老时会出现呼吸速率减慢等特征)，从而延缓COPD。冬虫夏草提取液在香烟提取物诱导的COPD中的作用流程图如答案所示。(4)根据本实验的研究可知，BCL2和PI6会促进细胞衰老，而细胞衰老不利于对COPD的治疗，因此可通过生产靶向BCL2或P16等调控蛋白的药物，清除相应器官中的衰老细胞，促进衰老细胞的调亡等途径对COPD进行针对性治疗。