CH3【解析】最长的主链含有5个C原子，从距离甲基近的一端编号，CH3CCH一CH2一CH的名称为2,2，CH CHCH3-三甲基戊烷，故A正确；根据信息可知，A的结构简式为CH3一C一CH一CH2一CH3,分子中有5种化学环CH:CH境不同的氢原子，故其一氯代物有5种，故B错误；由A的结构简式可知，A的分子式为C8H18,故C正确；A是B与等物质的量的H2发生加成反应的产物，则B中含有1个C一C键，根据加成反应还原双键，A中相邻碳原CH3子上都含有H原子的可以含有碳碳双键，故B的结构简式可能有如下3种：CH,一C-一C一CHCH3、CH CH2CHCH,CH一C一CH-CH=CH2、CHC一CH一CH3,它们的名称依次为3,3-二甲基-2乙基-1-丁烯、3,4，H:C CHH2C CHa4-三甲基-1-戊烯、3,4,4-三甲基-2-戊烯，故D正确。17.有机化合物甲与乙在一定条件下可反应生成丙：下列说法正确的是一定条件A.甲与乙生成丙的反应属于取代反应CO180CHB.甲分子中所有原子共面甲乙丙C.乙的一氯代物有3种金雪条弹第四开游不？名食高，)D.丙在酸性条件下水解生成和CHOHC0180H)日单的中尘国【答案】C案答等【解析】甲分子中两个碳碳双键间隔一个碳碳单键，类似1,3-丁二烯，乙分子中碳碳双键断其中一条键，与甲进行1,4-加成反应生成丙，A说法错误；甲分子中有一个亚甲基（一CH2一），碳原子为sp3杂化，与它直接相连的2个碳原子、2个氢原子构成正四面体，故所有原子不可能共面，B说法错误；乙的结构简式为CH2一CHC08OCH,分子中有3种不同环境的氢原子，则一氯代物有3种，C说法正确；丙在酸性条件下水解，酯基中的碳氧单键断裂，生成儿和CH18OH,D说法错误。COOH18.下列图示的实验操作，不能实现相应实验目的的是A.鉴别甲苯与已烷B.制备和研究乙炔性质酸性高锰酸钾溶液是和食盐木【是答】诗稀甲苯己烷电石硫酸铜溶液溴水·123·

知京从局浓度一侧到达低浓度，益匀日中童等素的作用为运垫部离子行镜体，其化学本质是蛋白质（或多肤）。胃29.（14分)如图1表示四类细胞的部分结构（具有代表性）示意图：图2表示物质跨膜运输示雪慧上进·高考总复·单元谦动创新卷·生物（甲，乙，丙代表物质，a,bc,de代表运输方式)。请回答下列问题。第四单元酶和ATP(第一至三单元30%，第四单元70%)选择题（本题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合第I卷（选择题共50分）题目要求的)图1人体在进行马拉松等长时间中低强度运动时，不仅进行糖的有氧代谢，脂肪也会通过有氧分解等质量的脂肪彻底氧化分解产生的能量比糖类多，促进脂肪供能可提高运动员的运动耐力提供能量。下列有关叙述错误的是。。。A骨骼肌细胞中的ATP含量较少，需通过细胞呼吸快速产生ATP满足运动需要B马拉松运动过程中，葡萄糖在线粒体中彻底氧化分解并释放大量能量虽然脂肪氧化分解消耗的氧气多，但其不是高强度运动的主要能量来源。。d能图2(解析】脂肪和糖类都是由C、H、0三种元素组成，脂肪分子中含C、H多，等质量的脂肪氧化【答案】c(1)图1中细胞Ⅲ在结构上与其他三种最主要的区别是解时消耗的氧气、释放的能量均比糖类多，促进脂肪氧化分解，可提高运动员的运动耐力，A项细胞Ⅱ和N在结构方面上的主要区别是V有而Ⅱ没有。正确：ATP在细胞内的含量较少，需能量多的细胞需要细胞呼吸快速产生ATP,通过ATP和ADP(2)图2中可以表示小肠上皮细胞吸收氨基酸的是(填字母)，a,b、c、d、e中会受氧浓度的迅速转化满足运动的需求，B项正确；葡萄糖在细胞质基质中初步分解为丙酮酸，丙酮酸再进入影响的是拉体进行彻底氧化分解，C项错误；糖类是高强度运动时的主要能量来源，因为糖能进行无氧酵解和有氧代谢，而脂肪不能无氧酵解，只能进行有氧代谢，D项正确。人从某生物组织中提取出了两种化合物A、B,其基本单位分别是a、b,经鉴定a是葡萄糖，BD细胞中含量最多的有机化合物，下列有关叙述正确的是0,浓度之底物的浓使物质A和B合成时都产生了水.若该组织是植物组织，则碘液一定能使A显蓝色物质B中一定含有N,一定不含有S案等】(3)如图3为氧浓度和底物浓度对细胞膜进行物质吸收速率的影响。其中AB段影响吸收速图3的主要因素是D.可用斐林试剂和双缩脲试剂分别鉴别物质A和物质B原因是【答案】（每空2分，共14分）在氧浓度为0时吸收速率大于0的二。D点后限制吸收速率的主要因素是【解析】单糖合成多糖需要脱水缩合，氨基酸形成蛋白质也是脱水缩合，两个过程中都产生了I答案】A(1)细晚Ⅲ中爱有以核膜为界很的细胞核③中心体A项正确；植物组织中的多糖有淀粉也有纤维素，其中纤维素遇碘液不变蓝，B项错误；物质B(2)aa、e仔)氧浓度（或能量”）无氧呼暖为主动运输提候能量载体数量是蛋白质，蛋白质一定含有N元素，也有可能含有S元素，C项错误；可用斐林试剂鉴定还原糖，而解折1)西1中的纪克「。分是动数组改高等放物如克核等发物细胞为安细道，其糖是非还原糖，因此不能用斐林试剂鉴定物质A,D项错误。指国属于原装生数共知克在结知与化与持阳主汉区别关没跑中没有以有已知①叶绿体、②线粒体、③核糖体，④高尔基体、⑤内质网、⑥中心体都为真核生物重要的细胞膜为界展的细胞核。低等植物细胞中含有中心体（②）雨高等植物细跑中设有。(2)小肠上皮结构。下列叙述错误的是细薨吸收复基酸的方式是主动运输，可以用图2中的a表示。ab心、d,心中需要消托细胞代谢A.①②③都可产生水和合成有机物产生的能量即受氧法度影响的是a和©。(3)图甲中AB段限制吸收速率的主要因素就是横坐B.①②⑥可同时出现在某低等植物细胞中标表示的因素一氧法度（或“能量”）。在氧浓度为0时吸收速率妇大子0，原因是无氧呼吸为主动运验提供能量。图乙中D点后限制爱收建率的主要因素是数体的数建C.③④⑤都与红细胞内血红蛋白的合成有关D.①②④⑤的膜参与了生物膜系统的构成【解析】叶绿体是光合作用场所，光合作用合成有机物，同时叶绿体内含有核糖体，可以合成蛋【答案】C生物第36页（共232页）白质生成水，线粒体是呼吸作用的场所，呼吸作用可以产生木，同时线粒体还可以合成ATP、蛋白生物第37页（共232页）

多意象语符与抒情传统。如厘寒泉与闻雁思乡的创作侍编，兰清湘回雁乡，日夜思放乡知数南飞雁，年年到故园”“坐忆故圆人已老，宁知远那雁还未。“故园何宣三千里，新雁才闻一两声。”“为客正当无雁处，放园谁道有书来。“月”意拿与见月思乡望月怀人的创作传统：“一夕高楼月，万里故园心”“唯有新昌故园月，至今分震两乡人。”“水”意象与闻水思乡的创作传统；“八月霜飞柳半黄，蓬根吹断雁南海。虎头流水关山月，泣上龙推望故乡。”诗人文士融合这些创作传统，结合专门抒发乡恋情感的乐府诗题《关山月X院头水X折杨柳)等，成为古典诗歌抒发乡恋情感的渊藏。(摘赛自闫福玲《乡恋与唐人的生命体验》1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的项是3分)贷·DA.无论游宦、戊边，或是羁旅行役都诗人文士们品味到离乡念亲的情感体验，为其诗歌创作提供了素材。B人类情感心理中归层需要在离开故士时就体现为乡恋情感，因为这个原因，文人墨客笔下的乡恋抒情感人肺腑。C唐诗的乡恋抒情，是传统乡恋主题的延伸，但功业理想的追求及衣锦还乡的荣耀使其乡恋情结的抒发更加淡然和泰然。D,乡恋主题的唐诗中，“雁”“月”等意象语符及打情传统的积淀、对人类永恒情感及共同生命体验的展现，是其价值意义所在2.下列对原文论证的相关分析不正的一项是(3分)心及章首段概述唐代诗人文士所作乡恋主题作品的借感级艺术价值，总领全文。第二段从农耕社会情感心理延伸到人类共有情感心理，全面揭示了乡恋情感产生缘由。C.第三段讨论了唐代竖恋主题责取的时代特色，与前文构成递进关系，使论述更加深人。D文章对唐代乡恋主题诗影论逆，既有整体概括，又有具体举例，二者相互结合。3.根据原文内容，下列说法长正确的一项是(3分)刀A唐代乡恋主题诗歌多元的情感内涵及艺术文价值，体现了唐代诗歌重情韵、重境界的特点。B.不只是以传统农耕为主的中华民族具有乡恋情结，以海洋文明为主的西方民族也同样具有。C无论是先秦的游说、两汉的游学，还是唐代游宦，士人乡恋情感抒写都体现了各自时代特色。D.唐代乡恋主题的诗歌，融合前人的创作传统及相应的乐府诗题，成为古典乡恋情感诗歌的典范。(二)实用类文本阅读（本题共3小题，12分）阅读下面的文字，完成4~6题。直播带货，没有规矩不成方圆直播带货，通常指通过网络直播方式销售商品或提供服务。虽然销售形式和途径发生了一些变化，但本质仍然是一种电子商务经营活动。直播带货模式不仅更具娱乐性、互动性和亲和力，还绕过了经销商等传统中间渠道，实现了商品和消费者直接对接，省去了一系列中间成本后，价格往往能做到更低。国家高重视直搔带货的规范发晨，近年来先后针对直播带货出台了一系列管理规章和规范举措，包括（关于加强网络直播带货活动监管的指导意见《直播电子商务台管理与服务规范》行业标准（征求意见稿）和（网络直播营销管理办法（试行）》等。与此同时，国家市场监管总局等十几个部门联合开晨了净化网络市场的“网剑行动”，国家网信办等八部门专门开展了网络直播行业专项整治，严厉打击各种违法直播营销行为。但现实中，有关直餐带货领养各种虚假宣传、货不对版、不退不换、不明链接，引导线下交易等卜C文七试卷·第2页（共8页）

是城邦的主人，城市中的广场、竞技场等公共空间作为民主政治活动的场所和载体，具有中心地位：中国古代城市长期以政治统治或军事功能为主，突出以官衙建筑或礼制建筑作为城市中心，而以民居和商业活动为主的公共空间则处于城市中的从属地位。中国保存至今的众多古代城邑遗存（如遥古城等）均呈现出这一显著特点。示例二：中国古代城市公共空间通过世俗力量自下而上推动形成。阐述：古代中国深受儒家礼制思想与等级制度的影响，中国早期城市布局以政治目的为先，城市没有真正意义上的公共空间。由唐末至宋，伴随着商品经济的发展，产生了城市公共空间的主要形式一一街市。其产生是满足一般市民的需要，因此更贴近市民的生活，以商业与娱乐为主的世俗生活为主，市民在街道两边做起了买卖，中国传统的戏曲在街市中的瓦子勾栏内得到了发展，街市的繁荣表明，世俗的力量，突破了早期城市自上而下的管理机制。B.评分建议：价值：评价准确、全面。(0-2分)解说：运用史实准确、充分。（0-6分)结论：有明确的中心主旨。（0-2分)表述：通畅、简洁、逻辑清楚。(0-2分)示例：大家好，欢迎来到明月峡风景名胜区。明月峡景区风光秀丽，历史厚重。景区中央嘉陵江水穿峡而过，岸边有古代用于行船的纤夫鸟道遗迹，其上是始建于先秦时期用于行军的木质古栈道，以及古代用于通邮、商客往来行路的驿道交通遗迹，它们共同构成了古代川陕蜀道的重要组成部分。至近代，随着汽车火车等新式交通工具的出现，民国为此修建了汽车公路，新中国政府又在此基础上修建了夹江并行的宝成铁路与国道108线高等级公路，彻底改写了“蜀道难难于上青天”的历史。上下五千年，不同时代的道路交通遗存保存完整、一览无余，故被誉为“中国古今道路交通博物馆”，具有极高的研究考查价值。

答案C 解题分析 根据材料信息“罗讷河促成了日内瓦湖，但却又在 不断消灭它”，说明日内瓦湖的形成受罗讷河的影响，所以与地壳 断裂下陷、冰川刨蚀等关系不大；瑞士日内瓦湖形成于第四纪冰 期，被罗讷河自东向西穿过，罗讷河促成了日内瓦湖，可推测在第 四纪冰期，冰川运动携带大量冰碛物阻塞河道，随着气候变暖，冰 川消融，冰碛物堆积，而河道阻塞，逐渐积水成湖；并不是流水侵蚀 多形成洼地从而形成湖泊（河道受流水侵蚀形成各种形态的河谷， 而不是湖泊)。

湖南省2023年普通高中学业水这择性考试考前演徐四化学参考答案一、选择题：本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意。题号1234567891011121314答案BCBD DCBCCBBCB1.B【解析】利用电解原理将塑料转化成甲酸，实现电能转化成化学能，A项正确；催化剂只能提高单位时间内原料转化率，不能提高衡转化率，B项错误；氢气单位质量放出热量多且是清洁能源，C项正确；水分解反应是吸热反应，气体分子数增大，故高温下能自发进行，D项正确。2.C【解析】塑料是人工合成的高分子材料，A项错误；聚酯纤维是含羟基、羧基化合物通过缩聚反应合成的，B项错误；金丝线是由多种金属组成的合金，属于金属材料，C项正确；珍珠主要成分是碳酸钙，能被酸腐蚀，D项错误。3.B【解析】O3是极性分子，A项错误；电极1上O2发生还原反应，B项正确；在上述电极反应中，O2提供电子对与质子结合，它是路易斯碱，C项错误；HO2、O2、O3的产物对环境友好，常用作氧化剂，不是还原剂，它们都是绿色氧化剂，D项错误。4.D【解析】A项，硫酸银微溶于水；B项，铁离子在中性溶液中不能大量共存；C项，甲基橙变黄色，溶液可能显碱性，铵根离子、铝离子不能大量共存。炎德火火5.D【解析】1个MI-888分子中含2个Cl原子和1个F原子，故1mol该分子含3mol卤素原子，A项错误；MI-888分子中戊环除N原子外，都是手性碳原子，环丁环不含手性碳原子，1个MI-888分子含4个手性碳原子，B项错误；MI-888分子中含氨官能团为酰胺基、氨基，C项错误；MI-888分子中两个苯环上氢原子都不对称，苯环上一溴代物有6种，D项正确。6.C【解析】外电路上有“灯泡”，说明该装置为原电池。锌失去电子，发生氧化反应，N极为负极，M极为正极，A项错误；通过膜R的是OH,放电时，阴离子向负极迁移，B项错误；根据图示，锌发生氧化反应生成[Z(OH)4],C项正确；1 mol NO被还原成0.6 mol NO2和0.4 mol NH,则转移4.4mol电子，D项错误。7.B【解析】甲中温度计插入液体中，指示溶液温度，A项正确；连接乙装置时长导管进气，短导管出气，正确的顺序为a→d→e→c→b→f,B项错误；丙装置检验SO2,如果生成了SO2,则浓硫酸表现强氧化性，SO2是浓硫酸的还原产物，C项正确；溴水与丙烯生成1,2-二溴丙烷，1,2-二溴丙烷不溶于水，D项正确。8.C【解析】由图2可知，W为铝元素。由图1可知，X原子能形成1个共价键，X可能是卤素原子或氢原子，Y原子形成4个共价键，Y可能是硅原子或碳原子，Z原子最外层有6个电子，Z可能是氧原子或硫原子。再根据X、Y、Z的原子序数之和等于15，均值为5，所以，X为氢元素，Y为碳元素，Z为氧元素。O、C、H、Al的电负性依次减小，A项正确；氢氧化铝是两性氢氧化物，B项正确；C、H、O可组成碳酸和含氧有机物，如乙醇、乙酸等，C项错误；水的沸，点高于甲烷，D项正确。9.C【解析】N的第一电离能大于O,A项错误；配体CO的结构式为C=O,存在。键和π键，B项错误；由原子守恒可知，甲、乙生成丙和水，副产物为水，原子利用率小于100%，C项正确；甲、乙、丙都是有机物，它们都是分子晶体，但是丙的相对分子质量大于乙，它们分子间都能形成氢键，故丙的熔点高于乙，D项错误。10.C【解析】上述配体中，铜离子等位于环内形成配位键，配位原子是N,而P原子没有孤电子对，A项正确；两种配体都含有羟基，能形成分子间氢键，B项正确；两种配体都含有羧基，不能用NHCO3溶液区分，C项错误；根据同周期元素从左到右，电负性逐渐变大，同主族元素从上到下，电负性逐渐变小，O、N、P的电负性依次减小，D项正确。11.B【解析】Q分子含酯基、碳碳双键、羟基，还可能含有醛基或羧基，A项错误；Q含碳碳双键，能与溴发生反应，B项正确；Q是分子构成的物质，Q含有羟基，分子间有氢键，熔点由分子间作用力（包括范德华力和氢键）大小决定，C项错误；Q分子中碳原子只有sp、$p3杂化，D项错误。12.B【解析】本实验使用了HF,玻璃中二氧化硅与HF反应，A项正确；水浴加热温度不能超过1O0℃，B项错误；上述实验中乙醇作溶剂，C项正确；灼烧rGO-FF3·0.33HO晶体时可能会产生少量HF,选择氧化铝坩埚，不用陶瓷坩埚，D项正确。化学参考答案一1

【详解】根据材料可知黄河中游地区贫富分化、阶级分化明显，B项正确：西周形成规范的礼乐制度，排除A项；当时黄河中游地区没有形成成熟国家，排除C项，材料不能体现农业文明领先世界，排除D项。2.【答案】D【详解】根据材料可知分封制下周天子利用宗法血缘关系，密切与诸侯的关系，使地方管控得到强化，D项正确；A项说法不准确；西周尚未实现君主专制，排除B项，西周时期利用宗法血缘关系巩固统治，排除C项。3.【答案】B【详解】根据所学知识可知春秋战国时期经济发展使国力提升，为大规模组织军队寞定经济基础，B项正确：时局变化、人口剧增和当权者意愿与军队的规模有关系，但都不是主要因素，故排除A、C、D三项。4.【答案】A【详解】结合所学知识可知，百家争鸣是春秋战国时期社会经济发展、阶级关系变动在思想领域内的反映，材料中的三者都主张建立和谐有序的社会，故选A项：孔子、老子代表的是奴隶主贵族利益，墨子代表的是中下层小生产者的利益，排除B、D两项；只有儒家强调伦理道德，排除C项。5.【答案】C【详解】根据材料可知秦朝重视宗法伦理，C项正确：西汉尊崇儒术后实行外儒内法，排除A项：B、D项与材料无关，均排除。6.【答案】B【详解】根据材料可知汉武帝时期为巩固大一统国家，国家加强对财力的管控，B项正确；这些措施的直接目的不是抑制豪强和助力开拓边疆，排除A、C两项，汉初吸取秦亡教训无为而治，排除D项。7.【答案】C【详解】根据材料可知魏晋南北朝时期从选官到婚姻，都要以家谱为凭，这反映出门第的重要性，C项正确：此时儒学受到佛教、道教的冲击，排除A项；选官权被世家大族垄断，不利于社会阶层的流动，排除B项；不少人伪造家谱，排除D项。8.【答案】B【详解】根据所学知识可知④代表北魏政权，B项正确，排除A、C、D三项。9.【答案】c【详解】材料反映了少数民族统治者的汉化政策，这些措施有利于缓和民族矛盾，促进民族交融，C项正确：材料不能反映解决割据隐患、促进经济发展，排除A、B两项；D项表述错误。10.【答案】A【详解】根据材料可知唐朝统治者政策比较开明，能够虚怀纳谏，有一定的理性色彩，A项正确：材料不能反映门下与中书的关系，排除B项：材料未体现君臣矛盾激化，排除C项；材料所述现象与制度僵化相反，排除D项。11.【答案】C【详解】据图可知唐玄宗设立节度使，将原来的内重外轻的局势变成外重内轻，使边境防务能力得到强化，C项正确；A项表述错误：材料所述与阶级矛盾尖锐无关，排除B项，藩镇割据是安史之乱之后的现象，排除D项。12.【答案】C【详解】根据材料可知唐代舞乐服务于贵族，宋代以来通俗艺术发展，C项正确：材料不能反映音乐走向衰落，排除A项；B项和D项说法过于绝对，均排除。13.【答案】A【详解】材料反映了北宋统治者的集权措施，这些措施有利于国家的统一与安定，A项正确；材料不能反映边防体系，排除B项：这些举措不是导致冗官的主要原因，排除C项，材料只反映了北宋加强对武将的控制，不能体现加强对地方的控制，排除D项。14.【答案】B【详解】根据材料可知南宋时期稻麦复种在江南普及，反映了政治中心南移推动经济重心南移，影响人民物质生活，B项正确：稻麦不属于新的高产作物，排除A项：C项表述与史实相反，唐朝南方赶上并超过北方，此后南北差距拉大，排除C项；南宋与金有战有和，南北经济贸易往来日益频繁的表述不准确，排除D项。15.【答案】A

(1)已知基态Mo原子的价电子排布式为4d5s,则Mo位于元素周期表的位置为回答下列问题：（4)“滤渣1”的主要成分是CS0.、和Fe(MoD,.已知Fe,(Mo0,为能与氨水反应，但造(2)写出提高“焙烧”效率的两种措施：(3)“焙烧”过程中生成MoO,和CaS0,的反应的化学方程式为(5)“除杂”过程中加入(0NH),S的目的是除去铜元素和锌元素，请通过计算说明+SCS十渣1”中仍存在Fe2(MoO,)3的原因是(已知K>10时可认为反应能完全进行)。(6)单质M0可利用H,还原M0,制备。下列金属治炼方法与治炼Mo的方法相似的是。2H+能够发生：A.高炉炼铁B.电解熔融氯化钠制钠C.铝热反应制锰乙烯是一种重要的有机化工原料，广泛用于生产聚乙烯和氯乙烯。工业上利用乙烷为原料，通过如下反D.氧化汞分解制汞19.(14分)应I或反应Ⅱ制得乙烯。反应ICH(g)C,H(g)+H,(g)△H反应ⅡCH(g)十CO2(g)一C2H,(g)十CO(g)+H2O(g)回答下列问题：(1)已知某些化学键的键能大小如下表所示。C-CC-C化学键H-HC-H413348615键能/(kJ·mol1)436k·mol1。下列条件中，有利于提高反应I中乙烷的衡转化率的是反应I的△H=C.低温高压D.低温低压(2)科技工作者结合实验与计算机模拟结果，研究了乙烷在催化剂表面脱氢制乙烯的反应，其部分历程A.高温低压B.高温高压如图所示（吸附在催化剂表面的物种用“*”标注，TS表示过渡态）：TS2TS133.5918.7420.69C.H,+2H'a9.35012.02/疆CHC.H;+H'反应历程化学选择考试卷（四）第7页（共8页）版权声明：本试卷为华中师范大学出版社正式出版物，版权所有，盗版必究。

示[已知：常温下，K,(NH3·H,0)=1.7×10-5;Pb(0H)2难溶于水]。下列说法错误的是1Pb(OH)20.8Pb20.6Pb(OH)0.4Pb(OH)Pb(OH)0.26101214pHApH=6时，Ph2与氨水反应生成Pb(OH),溶液中，cNH)c(NH,·H,O)=1.7×103B.pH=8时，c(OH)=2c(Pb2+)+c[Pb(OH)]+c(H)C.pH=10时，Pb(OH)2物质的量分数最大，除铅效果最好D.pH=12时，Pb(OH)2转化为Pb(OH)3的离子方程式为Pb(OH)2+NH3·H,0Pb(OH)+NH215.（2023届山东潍坊模考)（不定项）常温下，将0.2mol·L1NH,Cl溶液与0.2mol·L1NaHA溶液等体积混合所得溶液pOH=6.2。向混合溶液中缓慢通入HC1气体或加入NaOH固体(无NH,逸出)，溶液中的粒子分布系数6(X)随溶液pOH的变化如图所示。已知：8(X)=c(X)或6(X)=c(X)c(H2A)+c(HA-)+c(A2-)c(NH,·H,O)+e(NH)a,b,cde分别表示A2、HA、H2A、NH4、NH3·H20中的-种。K,(NH3·H20)=1.7x105。0.880.6o0.40.20234567891011POH下列说法错误的是A.图中曲线a表示NH3·H,0,曲线e表示H2AB.pH=7时，c(CI)+c(A2-)+c(NH3·H20)-c(H2A)=0.1mol·LC.M点时，c(A3)_1.7K。(H,A)·c(NH,·H,0)×100c(HA)1-10c(NH3·H20)D.pOH=8时，c(H2A)>c(HA)>c(OH)>c(NH3·H20)》217

第十四单元法律与教化和民族关系与国家关系单元综合提升、横纵整合】三、中国古代法治与教化和西方法律与教化的一、全面认识中国古代礼法结合的治国理念区别1.内涵：中国古代治国理政的基本理念，即“德主中国西方刑辅”“以礼入法”的治国思想。法治礼法结合；德刑并法律至上；天赋人权；(1)“德主刑辅”：“德主”即以儒家思想为指观念重；渗透宗法思想渗透启蒙思想导，采取符合民众利益的政策措施来争取民众《十二铜表法》《罗马拥护支持，此为主；“刑辅”即以法家思想为指律令儒家化；《唐律民法大全》《大宪章》导，采取法律等强制性措施来强迫服从、实现表现疏议》《权利法案》；美国控制，此为辅。1787年宪法、《法国民法典》(2)“以礼入法”：道德教化与法律强制结合，公民在法律面前人人宗法伦理与法律制定相结合。等；维护私有财产；2.影响：中国法律的儒家化，形成了礼法合一的核心皇权至上；君主专制权力制衡；司法程序公特色，影响深远。内容正；重视法律专业性(1)积极性：律令儒家化、以礼入法，建立了合法官和成文法典的作用理的封建法律秩序，为封建制度的确立、巩固法律法律民刑不分，以刑古罗马法律私法发达；和繁荣发挥了重要作用；促进了司法队伍的儒结构为主近代法律体系完备家化，进一步巩固儒家的正统地位；将“天下为法律是君主专制的法律是国家统治的根家”深深根植于国人心中，有利于中华民族认工具，体现出明显的法律本，体现出明显的法治同观念的形成。人治色彩；政府主导地位色彩；法学家具有人格(2)局限性：根本目的是维护君权、父权、夫法律；无完备的法人权、法人制度和律师制度和律师制度制度权，本质上成为维护封建统治和等级秩序的工法律儒家德治、礼治；《大唐具，禁锢了中国人的思想，不可能保持封建社补充开元礼》；《吕氏乡约》宗教伦理；宗教戒律会的长久不衰，最终成为近代中国民主法治前、视野拓展)进的阻碍力量。史料1中华文明源远流长，殷周时期在法律思想方二、汉至元边疆政策的特点1.两汉：根据不同的边疆形势设立不同的管面积累了丰富的可继承的思想资源。在春秋战国的理机构，进行统一管理；设立了完善的边社会大变革时代，法律思想得到了充分发展的机遇。疆防御体系；根据不同的地区制定了不同中国法律思想的基本范畴，诸如德治人治、法治礼的政策。治德刑关系等都在这一时期确主起来”。经过争2.隋唐：设立了相对完善的以都护府、都督府为鸣和辩驳，各学派相互借鉴与吸收。自汉代《春秋》特点的边疆管理体系；设立完善的边疆防御体决狱开始，中国法律逐渐走上了儒家化的道路将儒系即军镇屯戍制度；以怀柔、招抚为主的边疆家的道德精神注入法律、法令②。董仲舒神化皇权、民族政策；积极开发边疆的政策；宽松的文化改造新儒学，契合了统治者加强统治、维护大一统的传播政策。需要。《唐律疏议提出“德礼为政教之本刑罚为3.元朝：建立完善的边疆管理体系；设置专门管政教之用。犹昏晓阳秋相须而成者也”标志着礼法理系统以加强对吐蕃地区的统治；因地制宜结令的金面完成®。一摘编自付银《中国近代法律观念的转型》因俗而治地确立治边政策。·271·

the little boy and his father got in line behind me.Afer the toy was paid for andbagged,the little girl handed it back to the cashier and whispered somthing in herear.The cashier smiled and put the package under the counter.I paid for my purchases and was rearranging things when the litle boy came upto the cashier.The cashier checked his purchases and said,"Congratulations,youare my hundredth customer today,and you win a prize!"With that,she handed thelittle boy the Pokemon toys,and he could only stare in surprise.It was exactly whathe had wanted!The little girl and her father had been standing at the doorway during all of this.Then they walked out.As I walked back to my car,I heard the father ask hisdaughter why she had done that.I'll never forget what she said to him."Daddy,didn't Grandparents want me to buy something that would make me happy?"Hesaid,"Of course they did,honey."To which the little girl replied,"Well.I just did!"I feel very shocked to have witnessed the true spirit of Christmas in that toystore,in the form of a little girl who understands more about the meaning of thisfestival than most adults I know.24.The underlined word"dejectedly"in the second paragraph probably meansA.disappointedlyB.delightedlyC.excitedlyD.unexpectedly25.How did the little boy get the Pokemon toys?A.His father bought him the Poknemon toys.B.Fortunately,he was the hundredth customer and won the Poknemon toys.C.The little girl bought the Poknemon toys for himD.The cashier felt sympathy for the little boy and gave him the Poknemon toys.26.What did the little girl mean when saying"Daddy,didn't Grandparents want meto buy something that would make me happy?"A.Her Grandparents wanted her to be happy.B.The Poknemon toys made her happy.C.Making the little boy happy made her happyD.Her Grandparents hoped that she could help others.27.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.the story happened before Christmas.B.The little boy had not enough money to buy the Poknemon toys.高三年级英语质量数据监测第3页（共10页）

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1，每处错误及其修改均仅限一词2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。器Wehtonight e hln the freahmenalso allowed them to meet senior students in a relaxing and happily environment.At the first,our headmastergave aspeech.Hesid hicth prty asally grentwrenghen the friendship between students andho划teachers.Actually,the party also provided students for a good chance to showeThat40Some of my classmates,holor theydancn nrThe partyacliutiesHow a great partyended with the song Young Heart,which inspired both the senior students and the new ones.FWhatit was!第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，希望明年去Ak看野能。你在收集资料时偶然发现Ch1s的博客介绍得非常详尽，但是还有一些问题需要请教。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.说明写信的理由；2.列出你的问题（如最佳旅游时间、该带哪些装备等）：3.表示感谢并期待回复。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【高三英语第8页（共8页）】

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不能让黄河之水流到白洋淀来。可大舅能在白洋淀挖出水来。他在 自家承包的苇田里挖了一口池塘，又请来了城里的打井队打了井，用 井水养起了鱼。大舅对舅妈说，有水的时候粮食比鱼贵，没水的时候 鱼比粮食贵，八月里卖了这一池塘鱼，就够咱儿子上大学的学费了！ 大舅就整天守在鱼塘边，像守护着儿子一样。 一天早上醒来，大舅却看见鱼塘里的鱼都浮上来了，而且还把 白花花的肚皮翻给他和舅妈看。大舅很纳闷，心里说这鱼也通人 性，是不是想上岸和我说说话啊？他用抄网捞上两条鱼一看，惊叫 一声，就昏了过去。 那是一池白花花的死鱼 还是舅妈心细，她沿着鱼塘转了一圈儿发现在靠近一片玉米 地的边缘，有一股污黄的水流进了鱼塘。溯流而上，舅妈穿过枯萎 的玉米地，走了不远的一段路，就看见了堤坡上冒着黑烟的造

听力材2022年高考课标全国模拟仿真卷四严第三轮强化M:OK.We'll be there.Thank you for inviting us.Goodbye.Text 1M:I like the convenience of living in a big city.W:John,do you like to send messages on your cell phone?I couldn't agree more.But I prefer to live in the countrysideM:Actually not.Iprefer to make a call ifI'm in a hurry.Text 9more interesting.Sommes ontalk tomy friendsText 2hoe Ifl temweave a veryongersationM:You did a great job.I'm so proud of you,Lisa.Muly get off the phone pretty quickly ImW:Thank you.Mr.Josephson.Ihopeanget higher math scoresloud talker.next time.W:Yeah,that's true.You don't talk a lotText 3M:So are you good at typing messages?M:It'sfive o'clock.I give you five more minutes,or Plgo bymysefW:type rettyfast whenIfirst got my cll phone in high school.Iused tosend messages to my friends every day in college.ButW:You wouldn't do a thing like hat ready in ten minutesYoucan't see a movie without me.got slower after I took the job.M:OK,please hurry up.M:omethngoo ith the age.M father never sends anyText 4messages.He thinks the behavior is not mature.W:What would you like to eat,sir?W:That makes sense.Now I don't feel it cool to send messages likeM:I don't really see anything I like.Is that all,or do you havebeforesomething on special tonight?When were you born?If it was in the late90s or earlysText 10W:I could suggest the fish and it is really good.Text 5then you've been classified as being part of Generation Z.PeopleW:Hello,James.What are you doing?have always been defined by their generation.We had Generationfollowed by Generation Y.And then the"new kids on the block"areM:I'm just staying at home.It's freezing outside.I often play footballat this time of day when it's sunny.Generation Z.Generation Z grows up in an Internet-connected world.They areW:Oh,what a pity!It's warm here,but I would rather have a quietraised with endless ways to communicate.However,they're referrednight in front of the TV.Text 6to as the loneliest age group.Every day,they look through flashbacksof their friends'lives on WeChat or TikTok.Silent but dynamic,socialM:Mom,may I work at the zoo?W:Work?Why?media cause them to have a wrong idea of what friendship really is.This strange pattern arises on social media.If one doesn't startM:We have a chance to work at the zoo during the summer vacation.a conversation,no one else will.How much effort should one giveAll my classmates are going.Can I?and receive in a friendship?Perhaps the majority think 50 to 50 isW:Sounds interesting.0a reasonable split.However,that may allow distance to appear inM:Does that mean you're letting me go?friendships.The only model to establish lasting friendships is a 100W:Yes.But how about a favor from you in return when breakfast isto 0 split.That means one should put effort in friendships and expectover?Go and practice cleaning cages by starting with the cage younothing in return.It helps put an end to the passive waiting cycle.call a room.Key:Text 71-5 CCACA6-10 AABBA 11-15 BCBAB16-20 BCCACW:Hi,Daniel.I've been looking for you all morning.21-25 DDABB26-30 CDDCB 31-35 DBACB36-40 ABDGCM:What's up?41-45 CABDB46-50 CBADC51-55 ABDCB56-60 DBADCW:I want to say goodbye.I'm leaving for Britain tomorrow61.which62.probably 63.at64.survivalM:Britain?Did you get admitted to the University of Cambridge?65.to scare66.was borrowed 67.Having gone 68.anW:Yes.69.are changed 70.movementsM:Congratulations,Grace!I'm so happy for you.短文改错W:Thank you.第-句：necessarilynecessary第二句：is→areM:I'm going to miss you.第三句：like→asW:Me too.I'll send you postcards once I get settled.But I have so第四句：They→Itmuch to do.You might have to wait a while.I think it's more第五句：much→many;去掉from第六句：is后加an第七句：but一andmeaningful than an e-mail or even a phone call.第九句：carrying→carry第八句：citizen→citizensM:Yes.I'm looking forward to your postcards.Take care and have a书面表达nice journey.Just call me whenever you feel lonely.One possible version:W:Thank you.Dear Mr.Smith,W:Hello!Mr.Johnson,I'm calling to invite you and your wife to aText 8Knowing that the annual International Book Fair will be heldparty in our new house.in our city next July and some volunteers are needed,I'm writing toM:In your new house?When will the party be held?apply for the position.W:I know you are always busy during weekdays.So we want to holdFirst of all,I have a good command of English,which allowsme toit this Saturday.What's your opinion?comewith foreigers fluently.coy,my hobby isradngM:I'm sorry to say I can't attend it.My mother's birthday is onByworkings vonIwill knowmore bout th y-publishedbooks and recommend them to visitors el.More importantly.I'W:Well,Mr.Johnson,we'll be sorry if you don't come.What aboutSaturday.helpfuland asygoingsolling to share my joyof eadingwthothers and make them fall in love with reading too.M:OK.I'l be free the whole day then.Who else are you inviting?this Sunday?W:We'll invite Mr.Black and his wife.They work in the computerthinkI'm qualified to be aounter so please takemyaplicationintoconsideration.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgrveme an early replycompany near our university.M:Yes.Iknow them.Don't you want toe som of your neighbors?Yours,W:Yes.I'linvite Mr.and Mrs.Brown.They live jusrtusWe celebrated Thanksgiving Day with them ona farm last year.答案解析Li Hua阅读理解W:egnt50h and it will probablyastwM:What time will the party begin?第一节and a half hours.本文的语篇类型是应用文，主题语境为人与社会。文章介绍了些志愿服务项目。

32.A.retirementB.invitationC.cautionD.profession第二节（满分25分）33.A.powerB.appreciationC.importanceD.opinion阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。34.A.repeatB.ensureC.cancelD.celebrateIt was a dark night in Texas when Luke Armstrong drove into town.He had a lot of things on his mind,35.A.consumeB.declareC.receiveD.supportand he was driving slowly,thinking of solutions to his problems.He had a sick daughter named Anne,and第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）he was worried she would give in to her illness before he could gather enough money to pay for the surgery.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Suddenly,he noticed a flashy sports car parked by the side of the road.It looked like it had a brokenCoffee drinkers are more likely 36 (develop)kidney disease,a new study warns.Scientiststire,but Luke couldn't be too sure.He passed it without giving it a second thought and continued down thefound metabolites (in the blood connected with coffee consumption which could increase 37road.risk of the life-threatening disease.He was so lost in thought that he almost missed the prone (figure of a human laying just byResearchers from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 38(examine)372 bloodthe side of the road."What is it?"he said to himself and his truck stopped beside the figure.metabolites in almost 5,000 people.They found one coffee-related metabolite may help 39 (we)It was a woman,and she was weak.Luke immediately knew he had to help her as soon as possible.Hekidneys become healthier.noticed her expensive outfit as he lifted her."Perhaps she owns the fancy car I saw a few minutes ago,""A large body of 40(science)evidence has suggested that 41 (consume)a large amountLuke said to himself as he moved her to his truck and turned on the heater.of coffee is consistent with a healthy diet,"Dr.Casey Rebholz,a Johns Hopkins associate professor ofHe noticed that she seemed to be having trouble breathing,so he called 911 and reported his exactepidemiology,tells South West News Service in a statement."We were able to identify one metabolite thatlocation as well as the predicament (he found the woman in.些supports this theory.”Soon the ambulance came,and the woman was carried away."There were two other metabolites associated with coffee that were 42 (surprising)associatedAfter checking on his daughter the next day,Luke decided to see how the woman he rescued waswith a higher risk of chronic kidney disease,"Dr.Rebholz continues."These compounds were alsofeeling.He had been told she was getting treated in the same hospital.It turned out that she was no longerassociated with cigarette smoking,43 may in part explain why these compounds were related to ain danger.She was very grateful for his kindness.After learning about his daughter,she expressed greathigher risk of kidney disease."sympathy.Study authors note they did not account 44 differences in people's self-reported coffee注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；烟consumption.They add that they'll need to conduct 45 (far)tests to confirm their discovery.2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）》A week passed with Luke trying his best to work something out for his child.你校将邀请北京大学的Professor Wang举办一场关于英语词源的讲座。请你以学生会的名义给你校英文网站写一则通知，内容包括：1.讲座的目的和内容；2.讲座的时间和地点；3.欢迎大家踊跃参加。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；Who might be kind enough to pay for the surgery?2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。NoticeProfessor Wang's Lecture on English Word Origins英语考向卷（二）第7页（共8页）英语考向卷（二）第8页（共8页）

根据地的建立点燃了工衣第五次反“围剿”失利后开始确立以毛泽东为主国学知识分析历史现象的能力。据材料可知，“一五”计划期间重工业发展迅速，我国工业落后的产党由幼稚走向成熟，从面貌得到初步改变，故选A项；国民经济调整始于1961年，故排除B项；C项“开始”这一说法与史实不符，故排除C项；材料未涉及所有制变革，故排除D项。主的革命道路。(12分5.D【解析】本题考查20世纪60年代中国的经济政策，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所是马克思主义中国化的成学知识分析历史现象的能力。根据材料并结合所学知识可知，1961年处于“三年困难”时期，中共中央在全国各地敞开出售高价糖果、糕点等消费品，在大中城市、重要工矿区开设高价饭店等，并将利润上缴国库，这有利于增加国家的财政收入，促进国民经济的好转，故选D项；当工会组织，培养了工人运时处于“三年困难”时期，商品供应不足，故排除A项；中共中央的这一举措针对的是部分高价持了国民革命。(8分)商品，不会导致整个市场物价的上涨，故排除B项；当时计划经济的弊端未得到纠正，故排除众的权利。(6分)6.D【解析】本题考查新中国的外交，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所学知识分析历史现C项。武装割据”的星星之火；使象的能力。根据材料信息并结合所学知识可知，20世纪60年代末，苏联对中国的威胁超过美“为其他根据地的创建提国，因此中国的外交战略由防美为主变为防苏为主，这是基于国家利益的考量，故选D项；这种转变有利于缓解中美矛盾，但不会从根本上化解，故排除A项；当时中国外交思想强调防备苏革命与建设联，这并不属于发展睦邻外交的范畴，故排除B项；中国通过发展与亚非拉国家的关系，打破了新时期外交孤立的局面，故排除C项。7D【解析】本题考查新中国成立以来的工业化建设，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所学获取和解读材料信息、运知识分析历史现象的能力。据材料信息可知，自1971年后，小型社队企业得到发展，这些企业要指遵循价值规律，使用在一定程度上纠正了计划经济体制下生产资源过度集中于大中型公有制企业的弊端，为以后现了国家成功运用市场规乡镇企业的勒兴提供了借鉴，故选D项；A项是对材料的过度解读，故排除A项；B项与题意年年底，与材料所述时间无关，故排除B项；“五小”企业的创办在一定程度上增加了对农村生产、生活资料的供给，但谈立，故排除C项；上海解放不上是对工业生产结构的全面优化，故排除C项。8.B【解析】本题考查农村经济体制改革，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所学知识分析历息、运用所学知识分析历史现象的能力。根据材料可知，来安县委1978年年初在全县各公社进行包产到户的试点，结活动，加强以马克思主果在大旱之年实现了增收，这说明改革旧体制顺应了民心，调动了农民生产积极性，故选B项；来安县委试点是政府主导的，故排除A项；题干中并未涉及“改革开放”，故排除C项；通过题固夯实思想基础，故选A干不能得出当时联产承包责任制得到迅速推广，故排除D项。除B项；毛泽东思想是马9.A【解析】本题考查经济体制改革，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所学知识分析历史现项；1956年，我国开始探象的能力。据材料可知，1984年11月，上海出现了第一家试行股份制经营的股份有限公司。股票制公司在中国的出现，说明了我国对经济体制改革的探索，故选A项；“不复存在”表述错息、运用所学知识分析历误，故排除B项；当时股份制公司刚刚兴起，还未大量出现，故排除C项；材料仅体现了股份有易额占据了绝大多数，结限公司在中国的出现，并未涉及经济模式，故排除D项。较多的贸易往来，故选B10.C【解析】本题考查社会主义市场经济体制的建立，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所学拉国家、周边新兴民族国知识分析历史现象的能力。材料表明广东地区的劳动参与率远高于同时期世界均水，结合所学知识可知，21世纪初，我国市场经济体制建立，广东经济发展的活力进一步增强，这为.17·(24G3TXWJ(新教材)·历史·参考答案】和解读材料信息、运用所(新教材)·历史，参考答案】

第5期参考含案句子过关I.1.Make sure 2.Come on 3.from time to time第1版4.video game 5.in pain八年级上册Modules7一9II.1.at the bottom foot of重点语块2.Keep clear of/Stay away from.3.In shortA)1.tea party 2.once or twice 3.public services4.for the first time 5.lift up 6.first aid4.in fact 5.in time 6.side by side交际过关7.population increase 8.the next day1-5 FBDGAB)1.考虑2.从…跌落3.注意：留心语法过关4.写下：记下5.用手机通话1-5 DDACC 6-10 CCBCD6.(永久)关闭，关停7.稍等综合能力过关8.(降)落到…上1.going 2.excited 3.seemed 4.more difficult八年级上册Modules10一125.arrived 6.towards 7.things 8.her 9.girls重点语块10.WhereA)1.first aid 2.basic medical help 3.a chess set第5一6版4.video game 5.fish and chips分册分段复综合能力评估试题B)1.抬起：提起2.快点3.确保：确认(八年级上册Modules7一12)4.等着轮到你5.不和…接触听力材料及参考答案6.给…拍照7.保持镇静听力材料C)1.in short 2.in pain 3.in the northwestA)在下列每小题内，你将听到一个或两个句子并4.for example such as 5.for the first time看到供选择的A、B、C三幅图画。找出与你所听6.from time to time 7.at the bottom of...句子内容相匹配的图画。第3版词汇过关1.The woman is drawing a picture.2.I ate some noodles at the new restaurant.I.1.fell 2.Suddenly 3.medicine(s)4.problem5.dry3.Chess is a well-known game.I love playing it.II.1.followed 2.appeared 3.throwing4.My father works in a big hotel.There are 1604.preparing 5.fifthrooms on eight floors.III.1.rubbish 2.noise 3.hiding 4.hit 5.WhileB)下面你将听到十组对话，每组对话都有一个问句子过关题。根据对话内容，从每组所给的A、B、C三个选1.in fact 2.closed down 3.side by side 4.too;to项中找出能回答所提问题的最佳选项。5.pay attention 6.in time 7.wrote down5.W:May I take your order,sir?8.tea party 9.thinking about 10.once or twiceM:Yes,please.What's the soup of the day?交际过关6.W:Hi,Steve!How was your day at school?I.1-2 DCM:The first day after the holidays is alwaysⅡ.1-5 ADGFChard!But I like our new teacher.语法过关7.W:Rob!Can you answer the door?I'm washingI.1-6 DAACACthe cups.Leona is at the door.I invited herII.1.was walking 2.watering 3.was takingfor a coffee.第4版M:OK.词汇过关8.W:I really want to see the flower exhibition andI.1.dropped 2.helpful 3.snowy 4.jokingthe one about trains.5.AlthoughM:They're next month,I think.This week,it'sII.I.sunny 2.accepted took 3.gentlemenabout bridges.4.skating 5.experiences9.W:It's difficult!It isn't easy to learn the steps.IIII.1.gifts 2.imagine 3.broken 4.bravedon't know what to do.5.traditionsM:Don't worry!You're a great dancer!Just

③@画所名校高考模拟金典卷·英语（八）B.It has neighbors on both sides.听第10段C.It's a separate unit.17.When d(120分钟150分)7.What are the speakers going to do?A.The考生须知：A.Buy an apartment18.What1,本卷侧重：高考评价体系之创新性A.AnB.Rent an apartment.2,本卷怎么考：①考查应对创斯性素材的能力D篇阅谈)：②考查应对创新性设题的能力（语法填空第B.AnC.Make an appointment.60题)。3.本卷典型情境题：第27,29、32题。听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。C.An19.Wha4,本卷测试内容：高考全部范围。8.Why did the woman call?A.To know her parents'present conditions.A.SB.To tell her father some good news.20.Ho密第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）C.To invite her parents to her home.第二音听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选9.Who is the woman's husband?项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下A.Billy.B.Tom.C.Davis.第一一小题。每段对话仅读一遍10.How many children does the woman have?1.Who might the woman be?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.A.A worker.B.A student.C.A boss.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。封2.How much should the woman pay?11.How does the woman suggest the man travel to Paris?B.By coach.A$40.B.$30.C.$20.A.By plane.C.By train.3.What does the man intend to do?12.Who will the man travel with?B.Offer a suggestionC.Make an apology.A.Lily.B.Dieter.A.Return a book.C.Peter.4.When does the conversation probably take place?13.Where are Alvaro's friends?A.In the morning.B.In the afternoonC.In the evening.A.In France.B.In Germany.C.In Mexico.5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?听第9段材料，回答第14至16题A.The air conditioner.14.Why does the man go to sleep so late?B.The weather forecast.A.He is waiting for the woman.C.The indoor and outdoor temperatures.B.He has a habit of staying up.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）C.He has to finish a project.听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项15.What is the news about the man?中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每A.He has got a promotion.小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。B.He will take a free holiday.听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。C.He is offered a job in the woman's city.6.What can we learn about the apartment?16.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.It's on the ground floor.A.A couple.B.Net friends.C.Classmates.85【23新高考·JD·英语-QG)86【23新高考·D·英语一QG)】1

evenings a week,on Mondays,ho sorry,on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 6:30 pmto 8:00 pm.And miatches are on Saturdaymornings.M:When does the training start?W:Training starts next week,on September2nd.M:OK,thanks.Text 8M:Hi!It's good to see you again.W:Yes,it's been a while.Hey,you've gottenbigger since the last time I saw you.M:Yeah,ever since I got married I've beenputting on weight.My wife is a goodcook.W:I know a lot of people who let themselvesgo after they get married.But don't blameyour wife's good cooking.You need tostart exercising again.M:I know I should.But after I come homefrom work,I'm too tired to exercise.AndI don't have any place to work out.W:Have you thought about joining a healthclub?M:Yes,I have.But they are expensive.Also,Ihave friends who go and it seems like allthey ever do is work out.I just don't havethe time.W:I'm a member at Spa Fitness and you'd besurprised at how inexpensive a yearmembership is.rue,there are a fewbody-building fanatics down there,butmost of the members are "normal"peoplewho work out for about an hour just threetimes a week.M:Sounds reasonable.Text 9W:I saw a beautiful fish in the market theotherday.It was orange and blue.I'mthinking of buying some next Sunday.M:Whereuld you,keep them?W:In that round bottle over there.M:It's a bit small,isn't it?W:So are the fish.M:I think you really should get a tank if youwant to keep fish.W:Really?M:Yes.You should never keep fish in a smallround bottle.They won't get enough air.Isuggest we go shopping together and lookfor a nice tank.W:That might be quite expensive.M:Check the price before you buy one.Andyou ought to put a few large rocks in thetank.Fish love,swimming around therocks and through holes in them.W:Is there anythingelse that I ought to get?M:Yes,you need to get some underwaterplants.For one thing they keep the waterclean.Also they make the tank look muchprettier.Text 10William Caxton,an English writer andbusinessman,brought the printing press toEngland in 1476 to produce and sell books.The English language was changing quicklyduring this time and there was no generalagreement on itsrules.Caxton tried toestablish a standard spelling system,but therewere other problems."One mistake he madewas to employ workers fromwhat is nowBelgium to help with his printing business.The workers'command of English was weak.As more printing houses opened in England,each had its own spelling.Duringthat period,typesetters were also paid by each line,so theyoften spelled words longer on purpose.As youcan imagine,keeping a standard system wasimpossible.Centuries later,in 1828,an Americannamed Noah Webster published an officialdictionary ofAmerican English whosespellings Americans still use today.ButEnglish is not the official language of theUnited States.While some states have namedEnglish,the US central government has madeno such declaration.English is,however,themost common language spoken nationwide.Spanish is the second,with more than 40million speakers.The United States is a nationof immigrants,with a large percentage ofcitizens for whomEnglish is a secondlanguage.

BWhen Iwas six,Iembarrassed a boy incssby telling the teacher he'd wet himself.He sat farbhindme but Ismelld it,intensely He asso upset that my grandmother was cadschoWhen we got home,she warned,"Never use your sense of smell for that again."She explained that I,like her,had hereditary hyperosmia,meaning I'm a super-smeller.My husband Les and I both pursued medical careers.One day,I was struck by the smell of apatient.Ilater leared that she had diabetes()and what I smelled was raised ketones,a chemicalproduced by the liver().I knew doctors wouldn't accept my diagnoses(),so I stayed quiet.In1982.before Les's 32nd birthday,I smelt something strange on him.I thought it might be theair of the place he worked in.Twelve years later,in 1994,he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.It wasn't until the last months of his life,more than 20 years later,that we discovered I could detectthe disease in others,too.We felt a responsibility to do something.We attended a lecture by Prof Kunath,a neurobiologist.Iasked,"Why is the smell of Parkinson's not being used for early diagnosis?"He didn't answer andwe left,disappointed.But four months later,he called our home.He had found me after relaying myquestion to a colleague,who told him,"You must find her."We began to work as a team to prove mytheory.When Les died in 2015,he made me promise I'd carry on the research.I spent time in labs,smelling sufferers'skin oil on swabs().I could detect whether the person had Parkinson's with95%accuracy.This year,our research team published a breakthrough:a three-minute test that candetect the disease by running a swab along someone's neck.I've become known and delivered many lectures.I'm working on detecting cancers andtuberculosis.I never imagined,at 72,this would be my life's work.I constantly think about how I lostmy Les,but also how I finally fulfilled my promise.24.What did the author do when she smelt something strange on her husband?A.She took the smell lightly.B.She drove him to hospital.C.She warned him of a diseaseD.She made him shower more.W25.Why did Prof.Kunath call the author?A.To make an apology to her.B.To invite her for a specific research.C.To discuss her husband's disease.D.To promote her to a higher position.26.How was a patient's Parkinson's detected according to Paragraph 5?A.By having a brief talk with the doctor.B.By taking a blood examinationC.By conducting a short and easy skin test.D.By rubbing a swab in the nose.27.What does the author think of her present work?A.Painful.B.TiringC.Easy.D.Rewarding高三英语第4页（共10页)

秘密★启用前英语试卷注意事项：1答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自已的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分120分，考试用时100分钟。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Aidsnmermodness2022 has given us an absolute feast of music,running the entire range of genre and star power.Whether you were catching an artist's long-awaited return,witnessing their big break,or making a noteto tell people you were into them before they were cool,this year has it all.Lucifer on the Sofa by SpoonThe ten songs showease Spoon's unique blend of confident songwriting,production prowess技术)and endless supply of rock swagger(摇摆).The pitch-perfect introduction and stellar BillCallahan cover that is"Held",the thick saunter of "The Hardest Cut",the surefooted delivery of“Feels Alright”,the atmosphere of“Astral Jacket”and the title track,the simple purity of“Wild”“My Babe”and“Satellite”-there's a song for every occasion and feelings on here.Preacher's Daughter by Ethel CainPreacher's Daughter is the debut album by Floridian singer-songwriter Ethel Cain.It's a conceptrecord,a cautionary tale as a now dead girl looks back on her life and how she ended up dead.Themesinclude religion and generational cycles.What Ethel really nails on this album is space.Sometimesthese songs describe large expanses of land,as if you were looking out onto a sea of mid-western farms.It's an absolutely inspired tale that Ethel tells on Preacher's Daughter,and if you give it your time andattention,you will be treated to one of the most rewarding listening experiences of 2022Melt My Eyez See Your Future by Denzel CurryDenzel's latest is able to balance so many different ideas and threads into something that feelsuniversal,yet wholly specific.Not to mention,this record has some of the best hip-hop production ofthis year,held together by an aesthetic that draws in influence from sci-fi anime.英语·第1页（共8页）口口■

erve thethe credible retures that call it home.Beyond its ria shpehou the cudal fin()the species aso surprisesu with itsimpree31ogwhich llw it ave fewra enmies.However,asagreatovfj(rddfdnepic bags with its favorite ish,making seawater pollution one of its main threats alongside overfishing.Behind its impresive ithe sunish isharmles swimmer who today faces.many threats Thesharp decinedopidueothermals of which it would be the foodbut to human activities which participate in destroying its habitatol gniwolle28.Why is the chance to encounter sunfish off the coast small?11D19f/u0ds119111VW.0A.It has impressive size..biolz()Is 18 vbu1z lw sHAB.Its habitat has been destroyed.161gB9000d019U91日日C.It usually lives far from the coastD.An adult ocean sunfish is too heavy.lcote air o lulisiH29.What does German think of the encounter?名1/3529b159ibu29HdA.Encouraging and pitiful.,10d16)ni93s22g9230b1sd7「B.Interesting and dangerous.sio2bod91ii台'2 Uod bluon toinse人C.Anticipated and incredible.utlorb2 asbods 1o1 botosl92 buta Ss 8D.Impressive and meaningful.aseible bnoga od louao qloroe。大A.It's greedy for food to support.B.It's threatened by other sea animals.0C.It suffers from seawater pollution.19idguso asw .gnol js91 snin toods .daitnue asig AD.It mistakes jellyfish for plastic bags.31.Which could be the best title of the passage?abhowdio deitaua nodtuoe 5ms rlaitnA.The Biggest Sunfish in the World Was EncounteredB.Why We Need to Conserve the Ocean as the Habitat.（中量)o1 ooaidt sism ilubC.Sharp Decline Observed Among Sunfish's Populationsnod2 anne.]to taso od o gi s gnindD.Giant Ocean Sunfish Filmed off the Coast of Californianua via3n o0122000 01dWbaxla odw asm0 o gn btoAWhetherwere n dow andngil ormoving,body potrenceomood.0Iadoly vlanioaSeverahavehysica ostured.hervhipbetween our mood ndoi )eoceincudn memoryr aringand英语试题第7页（共12页）1

宫殿区，宫殿染中在城市的东西与南北主轴线的道路两边，城内的宫殿、贵族的舟邸、官署等建筑基本占到全城大小的三分之二，城内几乎没有公共娱乐设施和大型的活动场所。长安城郊有大型的游猎场、角马场和跑林建筑，提供给皇空和贵族享用的。古罗马的城墙是不规则的圆形，修捷城墙的目的主要也是军事防御。古罗马城内部修键了密集发达的道路、高架水渠供水系统、排水系统以及三个港口用来运送物资，手工业市场遍布整个罗马城内和城郊，城内的市场和仓库超过了320个；古罗马城还有公共浴场、'公共刷院、角斗场、音乐厅和图书馆，它们与商业区、居民区交融，希似杂乱无章，却使人民的生活更加耐运、使捷有序。岁乌城内的政治中心是位于城市中心的帝国广场群，里面供米着各位皇帝的神像和纪念品，可供市民进行参观和祭秤，具体的行政寧务的办理位于城郊的皇帝府称内，城市内部的政治气息并不十分浓厚。罗乌城以广场为中心，建筑沿着置路星现辐射状分布，皇帝的府碎和居民区主要分布在广场外阅，这样样的布局应该是受到了西方宇宙观的形响，即由古希腊学者欧多克斯、亚里士多德和托物密不断发展和完善的“地心说”体系，罗马城的建设就是园绕这个体系建立起来的。——摘编自韩俊英《秩序与反秩序之美一一汉长安城与古罗马城形态比较》(1)根据上述材料并结合所学知识，分析汉代长安城与古罗马城的异同。(8分)(2)根据上述材料并结合所学知识，简析两城在城市布局上存在差异的原因。(6分)18.(14分)妈祖是中国影响最大的航海保护神。2009.年9月30日联合国教科文组织决定将“妈祖信俗”列入世界非物质文化遗产，成为中国首个信俗类世界遗产，是中华民族共有的精神家园与全球华人文化的认同标志阅读材料，完成下列问题。材料一《灵著录序》和《灵著录略》两篇文幸，是重要的妈祖史剂。《灵著录序》提到元代诗人张荔曾奉旨到湄洲妈祖祖庙代祀，得祖庙《灵著录》母本，致仕后汇订成编。另一篇《灵著录略》，著者林朝裕，作于康熙二十四年五月，是对张翥《灵著录》一书内容的橛括，保存了《灵著录》的主要内容。《灵著录序》中“妈祖诞降”“海上灵迹”等是后来妈祖显圣故率的母本。如妈祖诞降漏洲，有“生而地紫”异象，自幼“变幻而秘法得”；能“席海以行”，即后来的“挂席泛搓”故事；“逝而见梦以祠”，即后来的“显梦辟地”故事；海上救护神迹即“怒涛济溺”“神助漕运”等故事。林朝裕在《灵著录路》按语中说妈祖“种种奇迹”及“袭赠”，早在宋元时期就“俱栽《灵著录》”。《灵著录略》记载“天妃妈祖，林氏，出自吾族，毓诞湄洲，而神灵赫濯，利国济民”。曾祖统军兵马使林保吉，曾参加高之战，“乘功而归，遂别业于莆阳之漏屿”。一摘编自林龙绛，刘福铸《仙游郭坑林氏族谱与妈祖史料》材料二传说妈祖受到观音菩萨的超度而成为女神，有预测大海变化的能力，故而成为福速地区民众心目中的保护神。宋元时期，中国海商数以万计，虽然中小商人最多，但资产数十万乃至上百万的海商也层出不穷。据南宋刘克庄文集记找，“海贾归来富不资（同“资”，财)，以身殉贸实堪悲。”两宋以来的王朝政权多次因“护海神迹”而将福建地方社会的妈祖信仰纳入高三历史第4页（共6页）

to1955 in a time machine…send himself back to the future.可知，该音乐剧是关于一位年轻人的时空穿越冒险经历。B导语：本文是一篇记叙文，属于“人与社会”主题语境。文章主要讲述了Dieuveil Malonga通过将非洲各国的传统美食与现代元素相互融合的做菜方式来推广非洲饮食文化的故事。24.A。理解具体信息。根据第一段.combining ingredients and food cultures.modernelements.represents not only the heritage.latest trends.可知，Dieuveil的菜之所以受欢迎是因为每道菜都是传统和现代的完美融合。25.C。推断。根据第三段内容可知，Dieuveil游历非洲各国，探访民间高人是为了给餐厅开发新菜肴寻找灵感。26.B。理解观点、态度。根据第四段.What is happening…African cuisine...clear indicationsfood revolution is already here..”可知，Dieuveil感觉“食物革命”目前的发展是“令他满意的，合乎他心意的”。27.C。推断。根据全文内容可知，Dieuveil开办了自己的厨师学校和有机农场，证明他“很有想法，很有创意”，并且他能深入到非洲几乎所有的国家了解其文化并探访民间高人进行学，证明他“非常有毅力”。导语：本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与自然”主题语境。文章主要介绍了一项关于河流侵蚀对鱼类进化影响的研究。28.A。推断。根据第一段中.river erosion.can be a driver of biodiversity in these older,.quieterenvironments..可知，麻省理工大学的研究发现了在地质不活跃的地区，能够促进生物多样性的一个新的驱动因素。29.B。理解具体信息。根据第二段.they differ substantially in their genetic makeup.可知，绿鳍鱼的基因构成很不同，呈多样化。30.B。理解具体信息。根据第三段Near.observation map…compared the gene.in Near's data set.可知，Near为研究者提供了绿鳍鱼的栖息地分布图和它们的DNA数据。3l.C。理解词汇。根据末段.Could the distribution of greenfin darter habitats...shaped by thechanging rock types...sensible that erosion...caused their diversify.可知，研究结果最终“证实了”研究人员的猜想是正确的。导语：本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与社会”主题语境。文章介绍了研究人员研发了一个新的控制交通灯的模型，该模型可以更好地控制交通灯，改善城市的交通状况。32.D。推断。根据第一段介绍的由于传统交通灯的局限，城市交通堵塞很常见，再结合第三段的内容可知，Keemin Sohn研究团队开发元强化学模型来改善交通信号，是为了维持交通的流畅性。33.C。理解具体信息。根据第二段的However,RL algorithms do not always work.trafficconditions at other nearby crossroads.可知，交通环境是动态的、复杂的，这使得RL算法无法很好地工作。34.A。理解主旨要义。根据第四段内容可知，这一段主要介绍了meta-RL模型的运作原理。35.B。推断。根据末段的The experiments revealed that the proposed model could switch controltasks.transitions and rewards.可知，这个新的模型在测试中进展顺利，可以有效模拟实验中的交通状况。七选五导语：本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与自我”主题语境。主要介绍了保持大脑健康的几

知，作者与妹妹不同，她在旅行期间很早就睡了。52.C。此处是指作者的妹妹和其他游客成为了朋友。53.A。根据上文中的arranged for us to have a nice dinner with them和she was the leader可知，作者的妹妹成为了那天旅行中的“领导者”，作者只需要听从妹妹的安排。follower意为“追随者；拥护者”，符合语境。54.D。根据上文作者和妹妹一起旅行的内容可知，作者认为姐妹之间会有很多的不同之处，但是仍然喜欢彼此的陪伴。company作名词，意为“陪伴”，符合语境。55.B。此处是指作者希望能和妹妹再旅行一次。repeat意为“再次发生”，符合语境。第二节主题语境：人与社会一一艺术本文是记叙文。作者分享了自己学古筝的经历和感悟。56.amazing。考查形容词。设空处作前置定语，修饰journey,表示“令人惊喜的”，用形容词，故填amazing。57.who/that。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词instructor,且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。58.his。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“他的”指导，故填形容词性物主代词his。59.over/of。考查介词。control over/of sth.意为“对某物的控制”。60.importance。考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此处表示每首曲子的文化“重要性”，用名词，故填importance。61.producing。考查动词-ing形式。设空处作介词of的宾语，故填producing。62.ways。考查可数名词的复数。way意为“方式；途径”，为可数名词，根据语境和空前的many可知，此处表示复数意义，故填ways。63.a。考查固定搭配。a sense of achievement意为“成就感”。64.certainly。考查副词。设空处作状语，用副词，故填certainly。65.to learn。考查动词不定式。the chance to do sth..意为“做某事的机会”。

第一节A篇主题语境：人与社会一一社会本文是应用文。文章介绍了在Providenciales海岸骑马游览的相关事项。21.C。理解具体信息。根据Provo Ponies部分中的The stable offers two guided horseback rideseach day Monday through Friday,while Saturdays are devoted to horseback lessons,ProvoPonies在周六提供马术课。22.D.理解具体信息.根据Long Bay Beach部分中的From the Provo Ponies stable,horses travelalong quiet dirt roads and paths to Long Bay Beach可知，骑马的行程会在Long Bay Beach结束。23.B。理解具体信息。根据Beach Rides on Providenciales部分中的Provo Ponies welcomes allexperience levels from6 years old and up.There is a weight limit of95 kilograms可知，骑马人的体重不能超过95公斤。B篇主题语境：人与自我一一做人与做事本文是记叙文。在阿富汗的萨卜扎克山口有一家旅店，店主Bastani总是给路人提供暖心的帮助。24.C。推断。根据第一段中的“What will this day bring?”Bastani sighed as he watched snowcovering the road outside和下文内容可知，Bastani叹气是因为担心糟糕的天气会导致事故发生。25.D。理解具体信息。根据第一段中的..the Sabzak Pass一the only land bridge openyear-round that connects cities across northern Afghanistan to the west和第二段中的.thousands of parents with sick children flooded the pass to reach the region's onlywell-equipped hospital.Young men took to the road to begin their migrant journey into Iran insearch of work可知，萨卜扎克山口在连接各区域方面发挥着至关重要的作用。26.A。推断。根据第三段的内容可知，Bastani是一个慷慨的人，他乐意为大家服务。27.D。推断。根据第二段中的But the journey across the pass一which is covered in snow sixmonths of the year is often not just tiring.Cars slide from the road in flash storms.Snowchains cut holes in tires.Wind blows over trucks,blocking the pass for days和倒数第二段中的When the driver asked about the conditions of the road,Bastani related the story of...,Bastani讲故事是为了告诉人们过萨卜扎克山口很危险，他们得多加小心。C篇主题语境：人与自然一一环境保护本文是说明文。文章主要探讨了该如何解决全球水母大暴发的问题。28.B。推断。根据第一段中的If we don't act to control.increase in their numbers可知，20o9年的一篇研究论文曾警告道：如果我们不采取行动控制当前的水母暴发，海洋将被水母所统治。而一些科学家却并不赞同，认为没有证据能表明全球范围内的水母数量有所增加。由此可推知，对于水母暴发这一问题，科学界是存在分歧的。29.D。理解词汇。根据划线词所在句子的上下文可知，水母营养丰富，虽然蛋白质来源的替代品对于缓解气候变化至关重要，但水母可能并非解决方法。由此可推知，划线词所在句子的意思应为：考虑到环境因素，水母不能成为鱼类或其他蛋白质来源的直接“替代品”。30.C。推断。根据第三段中Monty Graham的话语可知，他认为，因为水母的含水量太高，所以想吃到会比较费劲，而且它们也没那么好吃。由此可推知，在Monty Graham看来，水母并不是一个很好的食物来源。31.B。理解主旨要义。通读全文可知，文章第一段首先引出话题，介绍了近期水母暴发现象