含糖类、无机盐与动物细胞分泌物、含多种水解酶色素、蛋白质等植物细胞壁形成有关23细胞的生物膜系统6☐蛋白质的合成、加工场所和运输有氧气生成产生大量能量通道A.图中a含有光合色素，d的膜面积大于c的B.图中3表示高尔基体、6表示内质网C.图中的生物膜系统缺少了细胞膜和核膜等D.图中2可以调节植物细胞内的环境6.科学家在流动镶嵌模型的基础上提出了脂筏模型（如图），该模型认为：脂筏是细胞膜上富含胆固醇和磷脂的微结构域，胆固醇就像胶水一样，对磷脂的亲和力很高；脂筏相对稳定、分子排列较紧密、流动性较低，其上“停泊”着各种膜蛋白；脂筏的面积可能占膜表面积的一半以上，每个脂筏的大小都可以调节。下列相关叙述正确的是脂筏糖类分子A侧跨膜蛋白胆固醇B侧A.脂筏上“停泊”的跨膜蛋白是固定不动的B.A侧有与蛋白质和脂质结合的糖类分子，因此是细胞膜外侧C,脂筏模型表明，磷脂、胆固醇、蛋白质等在膜上均匀分布D.若去除胆固醇，则不利于提取脂筏上的蛋白质7.丝状温度敏感蛋白Z(FtsZ)是与真核细胞微管蛋白类似的原核骨架蛋白，几乎存在于所有病原细菌中，含量丰富且结构稳定；在细菌分裂时，FtsZ催化GTP水解，利用释放的化学能使自身聚合组装成环状结构，从而调控细胞分裂过程。下列相关叙述正确的是A.FtsZ的合成场所是宿主细胞的核糖体B.参照ATP可知，GTP是三磷酸鸟苷英文名称的缩写C.FtsZ能为GTP的水解反应提供所需的活化能D.细菌分裂过程中，染色体只存在于分裂期8.向甲、乙、丙三支试管中分别加入2mL葡萄糖标准液、2mL梨匀浆、2mL鸡蛋清稀释液，再各加入1mL斐林试剂，均置于60℃恒温水浴锅中加热2min,观察试管中的颜色变化。下列预期结果及相关分析有误的是A.甲试管中会发生从浅蓝色溶液到砖红色沉淀的颜色变化B.水浴加热后，乙试管中出现砖红色沉淀【高三生物第2页（共8页）】·23-98C·

二、非选择题（共5小题，共40分）26.(6分)结构与功能观是指学生能在了解分析生命体完成正常活动时所需要的生物结构与对应功能之间的关系，它在不同生命水中都有体现。请围绕“结构与功能相适应”的观念补充完成表中内容。站构：次姑构褚达功能描连与雄夹扣比，防①（填元常名称)对防具方陆存能量的功能合量多，加底氧化分解件北的能量多分子水不网峰具有能与相应反应物地合的种定姑构陈具有“②】"出DNA兵有③结构较稳定，更利于储存道什信息加胞展上像丧有特异杜找体蛋白加胞展具有③的功能加胞水乌的胸肌加胞中令有牛富的战牡休线牡体是“⑤哺孔动物成热的红如炮中没有物胞拭，富含红加胞的主要功能是述愉氧气，在发有血红蛋白（在氧气合量高的地方容另与真气成熟过理中林追晰逗化，可为⑥】站合)27.(8分)大气C02浓度升高和下旱是人类面临的全球性环境问题。某研究团队探究下旱和C02浓度升高对首蓿光合作用的影响，实验得到的相关数据如下去。据韦回答下列相关问题。处足（其他条件适宜）净光合追度(umolC02·m2·。)扣对气孔开度(%)水分利用效对照27.05501.78大气C0,浓度干早22.55、1,11:351.87对照，31.65402.45C02求度倍增干23.95302.55(1)米中净光合速*的表示方法是(2)请结合表格提供的数据，写出干早影响净光合速率的机理：(3)小明认为C0浓度倍增可以缓解干旱胁迫，请你在对表格提供的数据充分分析的基础上，找出得出该结论的两个依据：①.28.(6分)如图为在某生物体细胞内发生的生命过程。回答下列相关问题：(1)图示发生的生命过程中具有多种核酸蛋白质复合体，请写出两种具体的复合体的名称（如：DNA-DNA聚合酶）：等。(2)参与RNA合成的酶在DNA分了上的移动方向是一（填“从左到右”或“从右到左”），判断的依据是0

pleasure,”she said4.Which of the following betcedme1728.What areA.Stuck to.C.Put an end to.B.Took pride in.25.What did Chusovitina do during herC.TheiD.Made a summary of.D.TheA.She collected1 medals a eight Olympie GaneB.She represented different nationa the Olympie Games29.Which ofA.TheiC.She won gold medal for German at the Beijing OlympicsB TheyD.She took part in the 200Olympic Games in spite of leukemiC.TheyanononnkT0coAA.Her son's medical bills.B.Her devotion to her motherland.30.What chaethe reearchers meet wheArcieC.Her passion for gymnastics.A.They27.What is the text?D.Her desire for German citizenship.B polar vromA.A biography.B A book review.C.A diary entry.D.A research report.C.TheyfcypronArctic tehabitatEvery year.Arctic tes()migrate from the Arctic to the Antaretic,roundrip31.What carr from the study?abou000 kilometers New research finds that these farflying birds usejus few selectA.Terrround the world live at the same place.routes for their travels.B Theection of Arctic terns is easy to achieve.The Arctic ter is well-known to peopleasa reord holder.It holds the world record forC.routes are affected by other seabirdthe longest migration of any animal.and therefore interacts with a variety of ecosystems alongD.It'to protect Arctic terns'migratory routesDthe way,"lead author Joanna Wong says."They are an indicator species that can tell us so much about the different ecosystems thatWherrunning in high school on the track team.it made sense to carefullyclock evere nd push myself to race for personal bests But as I transitioned from runningthey travel through."Wong coninues-If they don't make it to their destination in one year.then you know there might be an environmental problem somewhere along their routes."for sport tinfor amusement as an adult.I found that tracking my workouts often juAnd it wasn't until my watch battery died several years ago that I firstGlobally,Arctic terns are reducing.Their crossing such a long distance has made it hardended withcalm that comes with running for the pure joy of it.I never replacedfor researchers to see where the problem is."These birds are difficult to study because theyexperiencethe watchy and experts say that might not bea bad thing for my fitessoaare either living in polar environments,or on the go"Wong saysThisd of unplugged(不插电的)running,which is gaining steam in the fitnesSo in order to track them.Wong and her colleagues attached light-level geographical posicommunityt has shown that of yourtioning devices to the legs of 53 Arctic terns.These devices are actually small computers thatrecord surrounding light intensities ().The length of daylight can tell us the laitudif it's a sm(while the time of soarnoon can tell us the longitude.So we are able to judge po"Peopinterest in their and got ther butnow that'Researher compared theroute taken by the birds they followed and the migration timtions of the birds,"Wong says.sity of Irelngther Arctic tethat had previously been racked They determined es in differentwho are nlonger.And ultimately weknow that makes them feelbad"areas all end up taking similar routes.Whelthem may be beneficial to other speers are me

多意象语符与抒情传统。如厘寒泉与闻雁思乡的创作侍编，兰清湘回雁乡，日夜思放乡知数南飞雁，年年到故园”“坐忆故圆人已老，宁知远那雁还未。“故园何宣三千里，新雁才闻一两声。”“为客正当无雁处，放园谁道有书来。“月”意拿与见月思乡望月怀人的创作传统：“一夕高楼月，万里故园心”“唯有新昌故园月，至今分震两乡人。”“水”意象与闻水思乡的创作传统；“八月霜飞柳半黄，蓬根吹断雁南海。虎头流水关山月，泣上龙推望故乡。”诗人文士融合这些创作传统，结合专门抒发乡恋情感的乐府诗题《关山月X院头水X折杨柳)等，成为古典诗歌抒发乡恋情感的渊藏。(摘赛自闫福玲《乡恋与唐人的生命体验》1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的项是3分)贷·DA.无论游宦、戊边，或是羁旅行役都诗人文士们品味到离乡念亲的情感体验，为其诗歌创作提供了素材。B人类情感心理中归层需要在离开故士时就体现为乡恋情感，因为这个原因，文人墨客笔下的乡恋抒情感人肺腑。C唐诗的乡恋抒情，是传统乡恋主题的延伸，但功业理想的追求及衣锦还乡的荣耀使其乡恋情结的抒发更加淡然和泰然。D,乡恋主题的唐诗中，“雁”“月”等意象语符及打情传统的积淀、对人类永恒情感及共同生命体验的展现，是其价值意义所在2.下列对原文论证的相关分析不正的一项是(3分)心及章首段概述唐代诗人文士所作乡恋主题作品的借感级艺术价值，总领全文。第二段从农耕社会情感心理延伸到人类共有情感心理，全面揭示了乡恋情感产生缘由。C.第三段讨论了唐代竖恋主题责取的时代特色，与前文构成递进关系，使论述更加深人。D文章对唐代乡恋主题诗影论逆，既有整体概括，又有具体举例，二者相互结合。3.根据原文内容，下列说法长正确的一项是(3分)刀A唐代乡恋主题诗歌多元的情感内涵及艺术文价值，体现了唐代诗歌重情韵、重境界的特点。B.不只是以传统农耕为主的中华民族具有乡恋情结，以海洋文明为主的西方民族也同样具有。C无论是先秦的游说、两汉的游学，还是唐代游宦，士人乡恋情感抒写都体现了各自时代特色。D.唐代乡恋主题的诗歌，融合前人的创作传统及相应的乐府诗题，成为古典乡恋情感诗歌的典范。(二)实用类文本阅读（本题共3小题，12分）阅读下面的文字，完成4~6题。直播带货，没有规矩不成方圆直播带货，通常指通过网络直播方式销售商品或提供服务。虽然销售形式和途径发生了一些变化，但本质仍然是一种电子商务经营活动。直播带货模式不仅更具娱乐性、互动性和亲和力，还绕过了经销商等传统中间渠道，实现了商品和消费者直接对接，省去了一系列中间成本后，价格往往能做到更低。国家高重视直搔带货的规范发晨，近年来先后针对直播带货出台了一系列管理规章和规范举措，包括（关于加强网络直播带货活动监管的指导意见《直播电子商务台管理与服务规范》行业标准（征求意见稿）和（网络直播营销管理办法（试行）》等。与此同时，国家市场监管总局等十几个部门联合开晨了净化网络市场的“网剑行动”，国家网信办等八部门专门开展了网络直播行业专项整治，严厉打击各种违法直播营销行为。但现实中，有关直餐带货领养各种虚假宣传、货不对版、不退不换、不明链接，引导线下交易等卜C文七试卷·第2页（共8页）

是城邦的主人，城市中的广场、竞技场等公共空间作为民主政治活动的场所和载体，具有中心地位：中国古代城市长期以政治统治或军事功能为主，突出以官衙建筑或礼制建筑作为城市中心，而以民居和商业活动为主的公共空间则处于城市中的从属地位。中国保存至今的众多古代城邑遗存（如遥古城等）均呈现出这一显著特点。示例二：中国古代城市公共空间通过世俗力量自下而上推动形成。阐述：古代中国深受儒家礼制思想与等级制度的影响，中国早期城市布局以政治目的为先，城市没有真正意义上的公共空间。由唐末至宋，伴随着商品经济的发展，产生了城市公共空间的主要形式一一街市。其产生是满足一般市民的需要，因此更贴近市民的生活，以商业与娱乐为主的世俗生活为主，市民在街道两边做起了买卖，中国传统的戏曲在街市中的瓦子勾栏内得到了发展，街市的繁荣表明，世俗的力量，突破了早期城市自上而下的管理机制。B.评分建议：价值：评价准确、全面。(0-2分)解说：运用史实准确、充分。（0-6分)结论：有明确的中心主旨。（0-2分)表述：通畅、简洁、逻辑清楚。(0-2分)示例：大家好，欢迎来到明月峡风景名胜区。明月峡景区风光秀丽，历史厚重。景区中央嘉陵江水穿峡而过，岸边有古代用于行船的纤夫鸟道遗迹，其上是始建于先秦时期用于行军的木质古栈道，以及古代用于通邮、商客往来行路的驿道交通遗迹，它们共同构成了古代川陕蜀道的重要组成部分。至近代，随着汽车火车等新式交通工具的出现，民国为此修建了汽车公路，新中国政府又在此基础上修建了夹江并行的宝成铁路与国道108线高等级公路，彻底改写了“蜀道难难于上青天”的历史。上下五千年，不同时代的道路交通遗存保存完整、一览无余，故被誉为“中国古今道路交通博物馆”，具有极高的研究考查价值。

湖南省2023年普通高中学业水这择性考试考前演徐四化学参考答案一、选择题：本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意。题号1234567891011121314答案BCBD DCBCCBBCB1.B【解析】利用电解原理将塑料转化成甲酸，实现电能转化成化学能，A项正确；催化剂只能提高单位时间内原料转化率，不能提高衡转化率，B项错误；氢气单位质量放出热量多且是清洁能源，C项正确；水分解反应是吸热反应，气体分子数增大，故高温下能自发进行，D项正确。2.C【解析】塑料是人工合成的高分子材料，A项错误；聚酯纤维是含羟基、羧基化合物通过缩聚反应合成的，B项错误；金丝线是由多种金属组成的合金，属于金属材料，C项正确；珍珠主要成分是碳酸钙，能被酸腐蚀，D项错误。3.B【解析】O3是极性分子，A项错误；电极1上O2发生还原反应，B项正确；在上述电极反应中，O2提供电子对与质子结合，它是路易斯碱，C项错误；HO2、O2、O3的产物对环境友好，常用作氧化剂，不是还原剂，它们都是绿色氧化剂，D项错误。4.D【解析】A项，硫酸银微溶于水；B项，铁离子在中性溶液中不能大量共存；C项，甲基橙变黄色，溶液可能显碱性，铵根离子、铝离子不能大量共存。炎德火火5.D【解析】1个MI-888分子中含2个Cl原子和1个F原子，故1mol该分子含3mol卤素原子，A项错误；MI-888分子中戊环除N原子外，都是手性碳原子，环丁环不含手性碳原子，1个MI-888分子含4个手性碳原子，B项错误；MI-888分子中含氨官能团为酰胺基、氨基，C项错误；MI-888分子中两个苯环上氢原子都不对称，苯环上一溴代物有6种，D项正确。6.C【解析】外电路上有“灯泡”，说明该装置为原电池。锌失去电子，发生氧化反应，N极为负极，M极为正极，A项错误；通过膜R的是OH,放电时，阴离子向负极迁移，B项错误；根据图示，锌发生氧化反应生成[Z(OH)4],C项正确；1 mol NO被还原成0.6 mol NO2和0.4 mol NH,则转移4.4mol电子，D项错误。7.B【解析】甲中温度计插入液体中，指示溶液温度，A项正确；连接乙装置时长导管进气，短导管出气，正确的顺序为a→d→e→c→b→f,B项错误；丙装置检验SO2,如果生成了SO2,则浓硫酸表现强氧化性，SO2是浓硫酸的还原产物，C项正确；溴水与丙烯生成1,2-二溴丙烷，1,2-二溴丙烷不溶于水，D项正确。8.C【解析】由图2可知，W为铝元素。由图1可知，X原子能形成1个共价键，X可能是卤素原子或氢原子，Y原子形成4个共价键，Y可能是硅原子或碳原子，Z原子最外层有6个电子，Z可能是氧原子或硫原子。再根据X、Y、Z的原子序数之和等于15，均值为5，所以，X为氢元素，Y为碳元素，Z为氧元素。O、C、H、Al的电负性依次减小，A项正确；氢氧化铝是两性氢氧化物，B项正确；C、H、O可组成碳酸和含氧有机物，如乙醇、乙酸等，C项错误；水的沸，点高于甲烷，D项正确。9.C【解析】N的第一电离能大于O,A项错误；配体CO的结构式为C=O,存在。键和π键，B项错误；由原子守恒可知，甲、乙生成丙和水，副产物为水，原子利用率小于100%，C项正确；甲、乙、丙都是有机物，它们都是分子晶体，但是丙的相对分子质量大于乙，它们分子间都能形成氢键，故丙的熔点高于乙，D项错误。10.C【解析】上述配体中，铜离子等位于环内形成配位键，配位原子是N,而P原子没有孤电子对，A项正确；两种配体都含有羟基，能形成分子间氢键，B项正确；两种配体都含有羧基，不能用NHCO3溶液区分，C项错误；根据同周期元素从左到右，电负性逐渐变大，同主族元素从上到下，电负性逐渐变小，O、N、P的电负性依次减小，D项正确。11.B【解析】Q分子含酯基、碳碳双键、羟基，还可能含有醛基或羧基，A项错误；Q含碳碳双键，能与溴发生反应，B项正确；Q是分子构成的物质，Q含有羟基，分子间有氢键，熔点由分子间作用力（包括范德华力和氢键）大小决定，C项错误；Q分子中碳原子只有sp、$p3杂化，D项错误。12.B【解析】本实验使用了HF,玻璃中二氧化硅与HF反应，A项正确；水浴加热温度不能超过1O0℃，B项错误；上述实验中乙醇作溶剂，C项正确；灼烧rGO-FF3·0.33HO晶体时可能会产生少量HF,选择氧化铝坩埚，不用陶瓷坩埚，D项正确。化学参考答案一1

答案C 解题分析 2005年以后，除了劳动密集型制造业，其他三类制 造业的离散系数均下降，说明区域产业结构不断调整，产业出现转 移的态势，区域差异减小，随着产业转移，出现了人口迁移；能源分 布短期内不会发生变化；国内产业转移对外资投入影响较小。

【详解】根据材料可知黄河中游地区贫富分化、阶级分化明显，B项正确：西周形成规范的礼乐制度，排除A项；当时黄河中游地区没有形成成熟国家，排除C项，材料不能体现农业文明领先世界，排除D项。2.【答案】D【详解】根据材料可知分封制下周天子利用宗法血缘关系，密切与诸侯的关系，使地方管控得到强化，D项正确；A项说法不准确；西周尚未实现君主专制，排除B项，西周时期利用宗法血缘关系巩固统治，排除C项。3.【答案】B【详解】根据所学知识可知春秋战国时期经济发展使国力提升，为大规模组织军队寞定经济基础，B项正确：时局变化、人口剧增和当权者意愿与军队的规模有关系，但都不是主要因素，故排除A、C、D三项。4.【答案】A【详解】结合所学知识可知，百家争鸣是春秋战国时期社会经济发展、阶级关系变动在思想领域内的反映，材料中的三者都主张建立和谐有序的社会，故选A项：孔子、老子代表的是奴隶主贵族利益，墨子代表的是中下层小生产者的利益，排除B、D两项；只有儒家强调伦理道德，排除C项。5.【答案】C【详解】根据材料可知秦朝重视宗法伦理，C项正确：西汉尊崇儒术后实行外儒内法，排除A项：B、D项与材料无关，均排除。6.【答案】B【详解】根据材料可知汉武帝时期为巩固大一统国家，国家加强对财力的管控，B项正确；这些措施的直接目的不是抑制豪强和助力开拓边疆，排除A、C两项，汉初吸取秦亡教训无为而治，排除D项。7.【答案】C【详解】根据材料可知魏晋南北朝时期从选官到婚姻，都要以家谱为凭，这反映出门第的重要性，C项正确：此时儒学受到佛教、道教的冲击，排除A项；选官权被世家大族垄断，不利于社会阶层的流动，排除B项；不少人伪造家谱，排除D项。8.【答案】B【详解】根据所学知识可知④代表北魏政权，B项正确，排除A、C、D三项。9.【答案】c【详解】材料反映了少数民族统治者的汉化政策，这些措施有利于缓和民族矛盾，促进民族交融，C项正确：材料不能反映解决割据隐患、促进经济发展，排除A、B两项；D项表述错误。10.【答案】A【详解】根据材料可知唐朝统治者政策比较开明，能够虚怀纳谏，有一定的理性色彩，A项正确：材料不能反映门下与中书的关系，排除B项：材料未体现君臣矛盾激化，排除C项；材料所述现象与制度僵化相反，排除D项。11.【答案】C【详解】据图可知唐玄宗设立节度使，将原来的内重外轻的局势变成外重内轻，使边境防务能力得到强化，C项正确；A项表述错误：材料所述与阶级矛盾尖锐无关，排除B项，藩镇割据是安史之乱之后的现象，排除D项。12.【答案】C【详解】根据材料可知唐代舞乐服务于贵族，宋代以来通俗艺术发展，C项正确：材料不能反映音乐走向衰落，排除A项；B项和D项说法过于绝对，均排除。13.【答案】A【详解】材料反映了北宋统治者的集权措施，这些措施有利于国家的统一与安定，A项正确；材料不能反映边防体系，排除B项：这些举措不是导致冗官的主要原因，排除C项，材料只反映了北宋加强对武将的控制，不能体现加强对地方的控制，排除D项。14.【答案】B【详解】根据材料可知南宋时期稻麦复种在江南普及，反映了政治中心南移推动经济重心南移，影响人民物质生活，B项正确：稻麦不属于新的高产作物，排除A项：C项表述与史实相反，唐朝南方赶上并超过北方，此后南北差距拉大，排除C项；南宋与金有战有和，南北经济贸易往来日益频繁的表述不准确，排除D项。15.【答案】A

二、选择题Ⅱ（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，不选、多选、错选均不得分)18.史载：“高祖初谋南迁，恐众心恋旧，乃示为大举，因以协定群情。外名南伐，其实迁也。旧人怀土，多所不愿，内惮南征，无敢言者，于是定都洛阳。”结合所学知识判断，上文中的高祖是A.刘邦B.曹操C.李渊D.元宏19.有学者指出，古代中国在筹划外部安全时更关心如何控制或制约广阔的周边地区对确立已久的中心地区的直接威胁，而不是获取领土或将国家中央权力扩大到离它边界很远的地区。也就是说，中央王朝统治者更在乎的是自己直接控制区内的统一安定，对边疆臣服区域并不是现代意义上的管理，而是文化意识下的文化征服，要的是一个形式和一种认同。以下政治实践符合上述管理模式的有①秦朝郡县②唐朝羁縻州③元朝行省④明朝土司A.①③B.②④C.②③D.②③④20.论及近代某国际体系的形成背景，有学者总结为以下三点：①由于资本主义经济的发展，各国追求现代意义国家利益的观念己经普遍流行；②18世纪的几场战争使英、法、普、奥、俄等国的实力进一步增强，初步形成五强均势体系：③法国革命和随后进行的拿破仑战争对欧洲各个领域进行广泛而深刻的冲击与洗礼。据此判断，这一国际体系是A.威斯特伐利亚体系B.维也纳体系C.凡尔赛—华盛顿体系D.雅尔塔体系21.《欧洲文明十五讲》由陈乐民先生在北大教授《欧洲文明史论》的讲稿辑印而成。作者从希腊文明开始，以一条文明的历史传承脉络将整个欧洲文明发展串联起来。以下是本书部分目录，从文明演进角度分析，第五讲的标题最有可能是第一讲开场白第二讲希腊欧洲洲的“精神家园第三讲罗马兴衰一千年第四讲从罗马帝国到封建时期第五讲欧洲文明第六讲走向近代—文艺复兴十五讲第七讲走向近代一宗教改革第八讲话说“启蒙”第九讲英、法革命A.拜占廷帝国的千年兴衰历程B.地理大发现—新旧大陆的连接C.中世纪在欧洲历史上的地位D.欧洲文明的强大辐射22.梁启超在反思中国史学传统时称：“我国人无论治何种学问，皆含有主观的作用，搀以他项目的，而绝不为纯客观的研究…惟史亦然，从不肯为历史而治历史，而必侈悬一更高更美之目的，如高二历史试卷第5页供8页

(1)已知基态Mo原子的价电子排布式为4d5s,则Mo位于元素周期表的位置为回答下列问题：（4)“滤渣1”的主要成分是CS0.、和Fe(MoD,.已知Fe,(Mo0,为能与氨水反应，但造(2)写出提高“焙烧”效率的两种措施：(3)“焙烧”过程中生成MoO,和CaS0,的反应的化学方程式为(5)“除杂”过程中加入(0NH),S的目的是除去铜元素和锌元素，请通过计算说明+SCS十渣1”中仍存在Fe2(MoO,)3的原因是(已知K>10时可认为反应能完全进行)。(6)单质M0可利用H,还原M0,制备。下列金属治炼方法与治炼Mo的方法相似的是。2H+能够发生：A.高炉炼铁B.电解熔融氯化钠制钠C.铝热反应制锰乙烯是一种重要的有机化工原料，广泛用于生产聚乙烯和氯乙烯。工业上利用乙烷为原料，通过如下反D.氧化汞分解制汞19.(14分)应I或反应Ⅱ制得乙烯。反应ICH(g)C,H(g)+H,(g)△H反应ⅡCH(g)十CO2(g)一C2H,(g)十CO(g)+H2O(g)回答下列问题：(1)已知某些化学键的键能大小如下表所示。C-CC-C化学键H-HC-H413348615键能/(kJ·mol1)436k·mol1。下列条件中，有利于提高反应I中乙烷的衡转化率的是反应I的△H=C.低温高压D.低温低压(2)科技工作者结合实验与计算机模拟结果，研究了乙烷在催化剂表面脱氢制乙烯的反应，其部分历程A.高温低压B.高温高压如图所示（吸附在催化剂表面的物种用“*”标注，TS表示过渡态）：TS2TS133.5918.7420.69C.H,+2H'a9.35012.02/疆CHC.H;+H'反应历程化学选择考试卷（四）第7页（共8页）版权声明：本试卷为华中师范大学出版社正式出版物，版权所有，盗版必究。

示[已知：常温下，K,(NH3·H,0)=1.7×10-5;Pb(0H)2难溶于水]。下列说法错误的是1Pb(OH)20.8Pb20.6Pb(OH)0.4Pb(OH)Pb(OH)0.26101214pHApH=6时，Ph2与氨水反应生成Pb(OH),溶液中，cNH)c(NH,·H,O)=1.7×103B.pH=8时，c(OH)=2c(Pb2+)+c[Pb(OH)]+c(H)C.pH=10时，Pb(OH)2物质的量分数最大，除铅效果最好D.pH=12时，Pb(OH)2转化为Pb(OH)3的离子方程式为Pb(OH)2+NH3·H,0Pb(OH)+NH215.（2023届山东潍坊模考)（不定项）常温下，将0.2mol·L1NH,Cl溶液与0.2mol·L1NaHA溶液等体积混合所得溶液pOH=6.2。向混合溶液中缓慢通入HC1气体或加入NaOH固体(无NH,逸出)，溶液中的粒子分布系数6(X)随溶液pOH的变化如图所示。已知：8(X)=c(X)或6(X)=c(X)c(H2A)+c(HA-)+c(A2-)c(NH,·H,O)+e(NH)a,b,cde分别表示A2、HA、H2A、NH4、NH3·H20中的-种。K,(NH3·H20)=1.7x105。0.880.6o0.40.20234567891011POH下列说法错误的是A.图中曲线a表示NH3·H,0,曲线e表示H2AB.pH=7时，c(CI)+c(A2-)+c(NH3·H20)-c(H2A)=0.1mol·LC.M点时，c(A3)_1.7K。(H,A)·c(NH,·H,0)×100c(HA)1-10c(NH3·H20)D.pOH=8时，c(H2A)>c(HA)>c(OH)>c(NH3·H20)》217

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1，每处错误及其修改均仅限一词2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。器Wehtonight e hln the freahmenalso allowed them to meet senior students in a relaxing and happily environment.At the first,our headmastergave aspeech.Hesid hicth prty asally grentwrenghen the friendship between students andho划teachers.Actually,the party also provided students for a good chance to showeThat40Some of my classmates,holor theydancn nrThe partyacliutiesHow a great partyended with the song Young Heart,which inspired both the senior students and the new ones.FWhatit was!第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，希望明年去Ak看野能。你在收集资料时偶然发现Ch1s的博客介绍得非常详尽，但是还有一些问题需要请教。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.说明写信的理由；2.列出你的问题（如最佳旅游时间、该带哪些装备等）：3.表示感谢并期待回复。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【高三英语第8页（共8页）】

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不能让黄河之水流到白洋淀来。可大舅能在白洋淀挖出水来。他在 自家承包的苇田里挖了一口池塘，又请来了城里的打井队打了井，用 井水养起了鱼。大舅对舅妈说，有水的时候粮食比鱼贵，没水的时候 鱼比粮食贵，八月里卖了这一池塘鱼，就够咱儿子上大学的学费了！ 大舅就整天守在鱼塘边，像守护着儿子一样。 一天早上醒来，大舅却看见鱼塘里的鱼都浮上来了，而且还把 白花花的肚皮翻给他和舅妈看。大舅很纳闷，心里说这鱼也通人 性，是不是想上岸和我说说话啊？他用抄网捞上两条鱼一看，惊叫 一声，就昏了过去。 那是一池白花花的死鱼 还是舅妈心细，她沿着鱼塘转了一圈儿发现在靠近一片玉米 地的边缘，有一股污黄的水流进了鱼塘。溯流而上，舅妈穿过枯萎 的玉米地，走了不远的一段路，就看见了堤坡上冒着黑烟的造

听力材2022年高考课标全国模拟仿真卷四严第三轮强化M:OK.We'll be there.Thank you for inviting us.Goodbye.Text 1M:I like the convenience of living in a big city.W:John,do you like to send messages on your cell phone?I couldn't agree more.But I prefer to live in the countrysideM:Actually not.Iprefer to make a call ifI'm in a hurry.Text 9more interesting.Sommes ontalk tomy friendsText 2hoe Ifl temweave a veryongersationM:You did a great job.I'm so proud of you,Lisa.Muly get off the phone pretty quickly ImW:Thank you.Mr.Josephson.Ihopeanget higher math scoresloud talker.next time.W:Yeah,that's true.You don't talk a lotText 3M:So are you good at typing messages?M:It'sfive o'clock.I give you five more minutes,or Plgo bymysefW:type rettyfast whenIfirst got my cll phone in high school.Iused tosend messages to my friends every day in college.ButW:You wouldn't do a thing like hat ready in ten minutesYoucan't see a movie without me.got slower after I took the job.M:OK,please hurry up.M:omethngoo ith the age.M father never sends anyText 4messages.He thinks the behavior is not mature.W:What would you like to eat,sir?W:That makes sense.Now I don't feel it cool to send messages likeM:I don't really see anything I like.Is that all,or do you havebeforesomething on special tonight?When were you born?If it was in the late90s or earlysText 10W:I could suggest the fish and it is really good.Text 5then you've been classified as being part of Generation Z.PeopleW:Hello,James.What are you doing?have always been defined by their generation.We had Generationfollowed by Generation Y.And then the"new kids on the block"areM:I'm just staying at home.It's freezing outside.I often play footballat this time of day when it's sunny.Generation Z.Generation Z grows up in an Internet-connected world.They areW:Oh,what a pity!It's warm here,but I would rather have a quietraised with endless ways to communicate.However,they're referrednight in front of the TV.Text 6to as the loneliest age group.Every day,they look through flashbacksof their friends'lives on WeChat or TikTok.Silent but dynamic,socialM:Mom,may I work at the zoo?W:Work?Why?media cause them to have a wrong idea of what friendship really is.This strange pattern arises on social media.If one doesn't startM:We have a chance to work at the zoo during the summer vacation.a conversation,no one else will.How much effort should one giveAll my classmates are going.Can I?and receive in a friendship?Perhaps the majority think 50 to 50 isW:Sounds interesting.0a reasonable split.However,that may allow distance to appear inM:Does that mean you're letting me go?friendships.The only model to establish lasting friendships is a 100W:Yes.But how about a favor from you in return when breakfast isto 0 split.That means one should put effort in friendships and expectover?Go and practice cleaning cages by starting with the cage younothing in return.It helps put an end to the passive waiting cycle.call a room.Key:Text 71-5 CCACA6-10 AABBA 11-15 BCBAB16-20 BCCACW:Hi,Daniel.I've been looking for you all morning.21-25 DDABB26-30 CDDCB 31-35 DBACB36-40 ABDGCM:What's up?41-45 CABDB46-50 CBADC51-55 ABDCB56-60 DBADCW:I want to say goodbye.I'm leaving for Britain tomorrow61.which62.probably 63.at64.survivalM:Britain?Did you get admitted to the University of Cambridge?65.to scare66.was borrowed 67.Having gone 68.anW:Yes.69.are changed 70.movementsM:Congratulations,Grace!I'm so happy for you.短文改错W:Thank you.第-句：necessarilynecessary第二句：is→areM:I'm going to miss you.第三句：like→asW:Me too.I'll send you postcards once I get settled.But I have so第四句：They→Itmuch to do.You might have to wait a while.I think it's more第五句：much→many;去掉from第六句：is后加an第七句：but一andmeaningful than an e-mail or even a phone call.第九句：carrying→carry第八句：citizen→citizensM:Yes.I'm looking forward to your postcards.Take care and have a书面表达nice journey.Just call me whenever you feel lonely.One possible version:W:Thank you.Dear Mr.Smith,W:Hello!Mr.Johnson,I'm calling to invite you and your wife to aText 8Knowing that the annual International Book Fair will be heldparty in our new house.in our city next July and some volunteers are needed,I'm writing toM:In your new house?When will the party be held?apply for the position.W:I know you are always busy during weekdays.So we want to holdFirst of all,I have a good command of English,which allowsme toit this Saturday.What's your opinion?comewith foreigers fluently.coy,my hobby isradngM:I'm sorry to say I can't attend it.My mother's birthday is onByworkings vonIwill knowmore bout th y-publishedbooks and recommend them to visitors el.More importantly.I'W:Well,Mr.Johnson,we'll be sorry if you don't come.What aboutSaturday.helpfuland asygoingsolling to share my joyof eadingwthothers and make them fall in love with reading too.M:OK.I'l be free the whole day then.Who else are you inviting?this Sunday?W:We'll invite Mr.Black and his wife.They work in the computerthinkI'm qualified to be aounter so please takemyaplicationintoconsideration.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgrveme an early replycompany near our university.M:Yes.Iknow them.Don't you want toe som of your neighbors?Yours,W:Yes.I'linvite Mr.and Mrs.Brown.They live jusrtusWe celebrated Thanksgiving Day with them ona farm last year.答案解析Li Hua阅读理解W:egnt50h and it will probablyastwM:What time will the party begin?第一节and a half hours.本文的语篇类型是应用文，主题语境为人与社会。文章介绍了些志愿服务项目。

32.A.retirementB.invitationC.cautionD.profession第二节（满分25分）33.A.powerB.appreciationC.importanceD.opinion阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。34.A.repeatB.ensureC.cancelD.celebrateIt was a dark night in Texas when Luke Armstrong drove into town.He had a lot of things on his mind,35.A.consumeB.declareC.receiveD.supportand he was driving slowly,thinking of solutions to his problems.He had a sick daughter named Anne,and第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）he was worried she would give in to her illness before he could gather enough money to pay for the surgery.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Suddenly,he noticed a flashy sports car parked by the side of the road.It looked like it had a brokenCoffee drinkers are more likely 36 (develop)kidney disease,a new study warns.Scientiststire,but Luke couldn't be too sure.He passed it without giving it a second thought and continued down thefound metabolites (in the blood connected with coffee consumption which could increase 37road.risk of the life-threatening disease.He was so lost in thought that he almost missed the prone (figure of a human laying just byResearchers from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 38(examine)372 bloodthe side of the road."What is it?"he said to himself and his truck stopped beside the figure.metabolites in almost 5,000 people.They found one coffee-related metabolite may help 39 (we)It was a woman,and she was weak.Luke immediately knew he had to help her as soon as possible.Hekidneys become healthier.noticed her expensive outfit as he lifted her."Perhaps she owns the fancy car I saw a few minutes ago,""A large body of 40(science)evidence has suggested that 41 (consume)a large amountLuke said to himself as he moved her to his truck and turned on the heater.of coffee is consistent with a healthy diet,"Dr.Casey Rebholz,a Johns Hopkins associate professor ofHe noticed that she seemed to be having trouble breathing,so he called 911 and reported his exactepidemiology,tells South West News Service in a statement."We were able to identify one metabolite thatlocation as well as the predicament (he found the woman in.些supports this theory.”Soon the ambulance came,and the woman was carried away."There were two other metabolites associated with coffee that were 42 (surprising)associatedAfter checking on his daughter the next day,Luke decided to see how the woman he rescued waswith a higher risk of chronic kidney disease,"Dr.Rebholz continues."These compounds were alsofeeling.He had been told she was getting treated in the same hospital.It turned out that she was no longerassociated with cigarette smoking,43 may in part explain why these compounds were related to ain danger.She was very grateful for his kindness.After learning about his daughter,she expressed greathigher risk of kidney disease."sympathy.Study authors note they did not account 44 differences in people's self-reported coffee注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；烟consumption.They add that they'll need to conduct 45 (far)tests to confirm their discovery.2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）》A week passed with Luke trying his best to work something out for his child.你校将邀请北京大学的Professor Wang举办一场关于英语词源的讲座。请你以学生会的名义给你校英文网站写一则通知，内容包括：1.讲座的目的和内容；2.讲座的时间和地点；3.欢迎大家踊跃参加。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；Who might be kind enough to pay for the surgery?2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。NoticeProfessor Wang's Lecture on English Word Origins英语考向卷（二）第7页（共8页）英语考向卷（二）第8页（共8页）

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根据地的建立点燃了工衣第五次反“围剿”失利后开始确立以毛泽东为主国学知识分析历史现象的能力。据材料可知，“一五”计划期间重工业发展迅速，我国工业落后的产党由幼稚走向成熟，从面貌得到初步改变，故选A项；国民经济调整始于1961年，故排除B项；C项“开始”这一说法与史实不符，故排除C项；材料未涉及所有制变革，故排除D项。主的革命道路。(12分5.D【解析】本题考查20世纪60年代中国的经济政策，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所是马克思主义中国化的成学知识分析历史现象的能力。根据材料并结合所学知识可知，1961年处于“三年困难”时期，中共中央在全国各地敞开出售高价糖果、糕点等消费品，在大中城市、重要工矿区开设高价饭店等，并将利润上缴国库，这有利于增加国家的财政收入，促进国民经济的好转，故选D项；当工会组织，培养了工人运时处于“三年困难”时期，商品供应不足，故排除A项；中共中央的这一举措针对的是部分高价持了国民革命。(8分)商品，不会导致整个市场物价的上涨，故排除B项；当时计划经济的弊端未得到纠正，故排除众的权利。(6分)6.D【解析】本题考查新中国的外交，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所学知识分析历史现C项。武装割据”的星星之火；使象的能力。根据材料信息并结合所学知识可知，20世纪60年代末，苏联对中国的威胁超过美“为其他根据地的创建提国，因此中国的外交战略由防美为主变为防苏为主，这是基于国家利益的考量，故选D项；这种转变有利于缓解中美矛盾，但不会从根本上化解，故排除A项；当时中国外交思想强调防备苏革命与建设联，这并不属于发展睦邻外交的范畴，故排除B项；中国通过发展与亚非拉国家的关系，打破了新时期外交孤立的局面，故排除C项。7D【解析】本题考查新中国成立以来的工业化建设，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所学获取和解读材料信息、运知识分析历史现象的能力。据材料信息可知，自1971年后，小型社队企业得到发展，这些企业要指遵循价值规律，使用在一定程度上纠正了计划经济体制下生产资源过度集中于大中型公有制企业的弊端，为以后现了国家成功运用市场规乡镇企业的勒兴提供了借鉴，故选D项；A项是对材料的过度解读，故排除A项；B项与题意年年底，与材料所述时间无关，故排除B项；“五小”企业的创办在一定程度上增加了对农村生产、生活资料的供给，但谈立，故排除C项；上海解放不上是对工业生产结构的全面优化，故排除C项。8.B【解析】本题考查农村经济体制改革，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所学知识分析历息、运用所学知识分析历史现象的能力。根据材料可知，来安县委1978年年初在全县各公社进行包产到户的试点，结活动，加强以马克思主果在大旱之年实现了增收，这说明改革旧体制顺应了民心，调动了农民生产积极性，故选B项；来安县委试点是政府主导的，故排除A项；题干中并未涉及“改革开放”，故排除C项；通过题固夯实思想基础，故选A干不能得出当时联产承包责任制得到迅速推广，故排除D项。除B项；毛泽东思想是马9.A【解析】本题考查经济体制改革，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所学知识分析历史现项；1956年，我国开始探象的能力。据材料可知，1984年11月，上海出现了第一家试行股份制经营的股份有限公司。股票制公司在中国的出现，说明了我国对经济体制改革的探索，故选A项；“不复存在”表述错息、运用所学知识分析历误，故排除B项；当时股份制公司刚刚兴起，还未大量出现，故排除C项；材料仅体现了股份有易额占据了绝大多数，结限公司在中国的出现，并未涉及经济模式，故排除D项。较多的贸易往来，故选B10.C【解析】本题考查社会主义市场经济体制的建立，考查学生获取和解读材料信息、运用所学拉国家、周边新兴民族国知识分析历史现象的能力。材料表明广东地区的劳动参与率远高于同时期世界均水，结合所学知识可知，21世纪初，我国市场经济体制建立，广东经济发展的活力进一步增强，这为.17·(24G3TXWJ(新教材)·历史·参考答案】和解读材料信息、运用所(新教材)·历史，参考答案】

第5期参考含案句子过关I.1.Make sure 2.Come on 3.from time to time第1版4.video game 5.in pain八年级上册Modules7一9II.1.at the bottom foot of重点语块2.Keep clear of/Stay away from.3.In shortA)1.tea party 2.once or twice 3.public services4.for the first time 5.lift up 6.first aid4.in fact 5.in time 6.side by side交际过关7.population increase 8.the next day1-5 FBDGAB)1.考虑2.从…跌落3.注意：留心语法过关4.写下：记下5.用手机通话1-5 DDACC 6-10 CCBCD6.(永久)关闭，关停7.稍等综合能力过关8.(降)落到…上1.going 2.excited 3.seemed 4.more difficult八年级上册Modules10一125.arrived 6.towards 7.things 8.her 9.girls重点语块10.WhereA)1.first aid 2.basic medical help 3.a chess set第5一6版4.video game 5.fish and chips分册分段复综合能力评估试题B)1.抬起：提起2.快点3.确保：确认(八年级上册Modules7一12)4.等着轮到你5.不和…接触听力材料及参考答案6.给…拍照7.保持镇静听力材料C)1.in short 2.in pain 3.in the northwestA)在下列每小题内，你将听到一个或两个句子并4.for example such as 5.for the first time看到供选择的A、B、C三幅图画。找出与你所听6.from time to time 7.at the bottom of...句子内容相匹配的图画。第3版词汇过关1.The woman is drawing a picture.2.I ate some noodles at the new restaurant.I.1.fell 2.Suddenly 3.medicine(s)4.problem5.dry3.Chess is a well-known game.I love playing it.II.1.followed 2.appeared 3.throwing4.My father works in a big hotel.There are 1604.preparing 5.fifthrooms on eight floors.III.1.rubbish 2.noise 3.hiding 4.hit 5.WhileB)下面你将听到十组对话，每组对话都有一个问句子过关题。根据对话内容，从每组所给的A、B、C三个选1.in fact 2.closed down 3.side by side 4.too;to项中找出能回答所提问题的最佳选项。5.pay attention 6.in time 7.wrote down5.W:May I take your order,sir?8.tea party 9.thinking about 10.once or twiceM:Yes,please.What's the soup of the day?交际过关6.W:Hi,Steve!How was your day at school?I.1-2 DCM:The first day after the holidays is alwaysⅡ.1-5 ADGFChard!But I like our new teacher.语法过关7.W:Rob!Can you answer the door?I'm washingI.1-6 DAACACthe cups.Leona is at the door.I invited herII.1.was walking 2.watering 3.was takingfor a coffee.第4版M:OK.词汇过关8.W:I really want to see the flower exhibition andI.1.dropped 2.helpful 3.snowy 4.jokingthe one about trains.5.AlthoughM:They're next month,I think.This week,it'sII.I.sunny 2.accepted took 3.gentlemenabout bridges.4.skating 5.experiences9.W:It's difficult!It isn't easy to learn the steps.IIII.1.gifts 2.imagine 3.broken 4.bravedon't know what to do.5.traditionsM:Don't worry!You're a great dancer!Just

Reasonach of,the普通高等学校招生全国统一考试周测卷·英语（十七July,September and Octobeimmediate future."Given the选修⑥全册货膨胀)in2020,we believe如with interest rates remaininggnore.注意事项：analysts said.uffer.1.本试卷满分100分，考试用时40分钟。2,答卷前，考生务必将密封线内的项目填写清楚。The US economy lagsas Finlan3,请将选择题的答案填在答题表中。the on-going US-China trpeople题号IⅢN总分合分人复分人week and is expected toas the hi得分trade deal.people haIn 2019,US emploI.阅读理解（共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）s the hi2.68 million.With the【高三如The US economy added 145,000 workers in December,fewer than expected,butdifficulty in finding quaunemployment remained at a 50-year low of 3.5 percent,the Bureau of Labor Statistics4attract and retain staff.（十reported Friday.Analysts had expected a gain of about 160,000 in December,but it markedthe 10th year in a row that US companies have added jobs,the longest period in the past 80Hpw did the ConsunA.By 1.75 perceryears during which the government has compiled employment data.In the last 12 months,average hourly wages in the private sector have risen by 2.9 percent.B.By 2 percent.From November 2018 to November 2019,the Consumer Price Index increased by 2 percent.C.By 3 percent.Consistent job growth,low unemployment and small but steady wage gains suggestD.By 3.5 percer1Acontinued growth in 2020.US President Trump is expected to run on his economic record as2.Whywill the FedeA.Due to poterhe seeks re-election in November."With the incoming survey data improving again,jobs growth looks set to stay solidB.Due to poterthroughout at least the first half of 2020,"Satyam Panday and Beth Ann Bovino,analysts atC.Due to poteS&P Global Ratings said in a research report."We expect solid overall employment growth ofDue to poteabout 150,000 average per month in the first half of the year.Overall,wage growth will3.What is the poslikely be between 3 percent to 5 percent with an upward tilt (to lower wage occupationsA.Express apas a result of tighter demand and minimum wage set to rise in more than 20 states."B.OfficiallyThe Federal Reserve(美联储)，an independent agency charged with creating theC.Teach sonconditions for a strong economy and a sound money,cut interest rates by one-quarter point inD.Continue【高三每周一测·英语卷（十七）第1页（共6页）考出精彩·越享未来】22-QGX【高

本版参考答案1.Weeks2.A part of the 1980 movie The EmpireStrikes Back when Han Solo is frozen3.Mandalorian and Baby Yoda.

evenings a week,on Mondays,ho sorry,on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 6:30 pmto 8:00 pm.And miatches are on Saturdaymornings.M:When does the training start?W:Training starts next week,on September2nd.M:OK,thanks.Text 8M:Hi!It's good to see you again.W:Yes,it's been a while.Hey,you've gottenbigger since the last time I saw you.M:Yeah,ever since I got married I've beenputting on weight.My wife is a goodcook.W:I know a lot of people who let themselvesgo after they get married.But don't blameyour wife's good cooking.You need tostart exercising again.M:I know I should.But after I come homefrom work,I'm too tired to exercise.AndI don't have any place to work out.W:Have you thought about joining a healthclub?M:Yes,I have.But they are expensive.Also,Ihave friends who go and it seems like allthey ever do is work out.I just don't havethe time.W:I'm a member at Spa Fitness and you'd besurprised at how inexpensive a yearmembership is.rue,there are a fewbody-building fanatics down there,butmost of the members are "normal"peoplewho work out for about an hour just threetimes a week.M:Sounds reasonable.Text 9W:I saw a beautiful fish in the market theotherday.It was orange and blue.I'mthinking of buying some next Sunday.M:Whereuld you,keep them?W:In that round bottle over there.M:It's a bit small,isn't it?W:So are the fish.M:I think you really should get a tank if youwant to keep fish.W:Really?M:Yes.You should never keep fish in a smallround bottle.They won't get enough air.Isuggest we go shopping together and lookfor a nice tank.W:That might be quite expensive.M:Check the price before you buy one.Andyou ought to put a few large rocks in thetank.Fish love,swimming around therocks and through holes in them.W:Is there anythingelse that I ought to get?M:Yes,you need to get some underwaterplants.For one thing they keep the waterclean.Also they make the tank look muchprettier.Text 10William Caxton,an English writer andbusinessman,brought the printing press toEngland in 1476 to produce and sell books.The English language was changing quicklyduring this time and there was no generalagreement on itsrules.Caxton tried toestablish a standard spelling system,but therewere other problems."One mistake he madewas to employ workers fromwhat is nowBelgium to help with his printing business.The workers'command of English was weak.As more printing houses opened in England,each had its own spelling.Duringthat period,typesetters were also paid by each line,so theyoften spelled words longer on purpose.As youcan imagine,keeping a standard system wasimpossible.Centuries later,in 1828,an Americannamed Noah Webster published an officialdictionary ofAmerican English whosespellings Americans still use today.ButEnglish is not the official language of theUnited States.While some states have namedEnglish,the US central government has madeno such declaration.English is,however,themost common language spoken nationwide.Spanish is the second,with more than 40million speakers.The United States is a nationof immigrants,with a large percentage ofcitizens for whomEnglish is a secondlanguage.

BWhen Iwas six,Iembarrassed a boy incssby telling the teacher he'd wet himself.He sat farbhindme but Ismelld it,intensely He asso upset that my grandmother was cadschoWhen we got home,she warned,"Never use your sense of smell for that again."She explained that I,like her,had hereditary hyperosmia,meaning I'm a super-smeller.My husband Les and I both pursued medical careers.One day,I was struck by the smell of apatient.Ilater leared that she had diabetes()and what I smelled was raised ketones,a chemicalproduced by the liver().I knew doctors wouldn't accept my diagnoses(),so I stayed quiet.In1982.before Les's 32nd birthday,I smelt something strange on him.I thought it might be theair of the place he worked in.Twelve years later,in 1994,he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.It wasn't until the last months of his life,more than 20 years later,that we discovered I could detectthe disease in others,too.We felt a responsibility to do something.We attended a lecture by Prof Kunath,a neurobiologist.Iasked,"Why is the smell of Parkinson's not being used for early diagnosis?"He didn't answer andwe left,disappointed.But four months later,he called our home.He had found me after relaying myquestion to a colleague,who told him,"You must find her."We began to work as a team to prove mytheory.When Les died in 2015,he made me promise I'd carry on the research.I spent time in labs,smelling sufferers'skin oil on swabs().I could detect whether the person had Parkinson's with95%accuracy.This year,our research team published a breakthrough:a three-minute test that candetect the disease by running a swab along someone's neck.I've become known and delivered many lectures.I'm working on detecting cancers andtuberculosis.I never imagined,at 72,this would be my life's work.I constantly think about how I lostmy Les,but also how I finally fulfilled my promise.24.What did the author do when she smelt something strange on her husband?A.She took the smell lightly.B.She drove him to hospital.C.She warned him of a diseaseD.She made him shower more.W25.Why did Prof.Kunath call the author?A.To make an apology to her.B.To invite her for a specific research.C.To discuss her husband's disease.D.To promote her to a higher position.26.How was a patient's Parkinson's detected according to Paragraph 5?A.By having a brief talk with the doctor.B.By taking a blood examinationC.By conducting a short and easy skin test.D.By rubbing a swab in the nose.27.What does the author think of her present work?A.Painful.B.TiringC.Easy.D.Rewarding高三英语第4页（共10页)

erve thethe credible retures that call it home.Beyond its ria shpehou the cudal fin()the species aso surprisesu with itsimpree31ogwhich llw it ave fewra enmies.However,asagreatovfj(rddfdnepic bags with its favorite ish,making seawater pollution one of its main threats alongside overfishing.Behind its impresive ithe sunish isharmles swimmer who today faces.many threats Thesharp decinedopidueothermals of which it would be the foodbut to human activities which participate in destroying its habitatol gniwolle28.Why is the chance to encounter sunfish off the coast small?11D19f/u0ds119111VW.0A.It has impressive size..biolz()Is 18 vbu1z lw sHAB.Its habitat has been destroyed.161gB9000d019U91日日C.It usually lives far from the coastD.An adult ocean sunfish is too heavy.lcote air o lulisiH29.What does German think of the encounter?名1/3529b159ibu29HdA.Encouraging and pitiful.,10d16)ni93s22g9230b1sd7「B.Interesting and dangerous.sio2bod91ii台'2 Uod bluon toinse人C.Anticipated and incredible.utlorb2 asbods 1o1 botosl92 buta Ss 8D.Impressive and meaningful.aseible bnoga od louao qloroe。大A.It's greedy for food to support.B.It's threatened by other sea animals.0C.It suffers from seawater pollution.19idguso asw .gnol js91 snin toods .daitnue asig AD.It mistakes jellyfish for plastic bags.31.Which could be the best title of the passage?abhowdio deitaua nodtuoe 5ms rlaitnA.The Biggest Sunfish in the World Was EncounteredB.Why We Need to Conserve the Ocean as the Habitat.（中量)o1 ooaidt sism ilubC.Sharp Decline Observed Among Sunfish's Populationsnod2 anne.]to taso od o gi s gnindD.Giant Ocean Sunfish Filmed off the Coast of Californianua via3n o0122000 01dWbaxla odw asm0 o gn btoAWhetherwere n dow andngil ormoving,body potrenceomood.0Iadoly vlanioaSeverahavehysica ostured.hervhipbetween our mood ndoi )eoceincudn memoryr aringand英语试题第7页（共12页）1

to1955 in a time machine…send himself back to the future.可知，该音乐剧是关于一位年轻人的时空穿越冒险经历。B导语：本文是一篇记叙文，属于“人与社会”主题语境。文章主要讲述了Dieuveil Malonga通过将非洲各国的传统美食与现代元素相互融合的做菜方式来推广非洲饮食文化的故事。24.A。理解具体信息。根据第一段.combining ingredients and food cultures.modernelements.represents not only the heritage.latest trends.可知，Dieuveil的菜之所以受欢迎是因为每道菜都是传统和现代的完美融合。25.C。推断。根据第三段内容可知，Dieuveil游历非洲各国，探访民间高人是为了给餐厅开发新菜肴寻找灵感。26.B。理解观点、态度。根据第四段.What is happening…African cuisine...clear indicationsfood revolution is already here..”可知，Dieuveil感觉“食物革命”目前的发展是“令他满意的，合乎他心意的”。27.C。推断。根据全文内容可知，Dieuveil开办了自己的厨师学校和有机农场，证明他“很有想法，很有创意”，并且他能深入到非洲几乎所有的国家了解其文化并探访民间高人进行学，证明他“非常有毅力”。导语：本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与自然”主题语境。文章主要介绍了一项关于河流侵蚀对鱼类进化影响的研究。28.A。推断。根据第一段中.river erosion.can be a driver of biodiversity in these older,.quieterenvironments..可知，麻省理工大学的研究发现了在地质不活跃的地区，能够促进生物多样性的一个新的驱动因素。29.B。理解具体信息。根据第二段.they differ substantially in their genetic makeup.可知，绿鳍鱼的基因构成很不同，呈多样化。30.B。理解具体信息。根据第三段Near.observation map…compared the gene.in Near's data set.可知，Near为研究者提供了绿鳍鱼的栖息地分布图和它们的DNA数据。3l.C。理解词汇。根据末段.Could the distribution of greenfin darter habitats...shaped by thechanging rock types...sensible that erosion...caused their diversify.可知，研究结果最终“证实了”研究人员的猜想是正确的。导语：本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与社会”主题语境。文章介绍了研究人员研发了一个新的控制交通灯的模型，该模型可以更好地控制交通灯，改善城市的交通状况。32.D。推断。根据第一段介绍的由于传统交通灯的局限，城市交通堵塞很常见，再结合第三段的内容可知，Keemin Sohn研究团队开发元强化学模型来改善交通信号，是为了维持交通的流畅性。33.C。理解具体信息。根据第二段的However,RL algorithms do not always work.trafficconditions at other nearby crossroads.可知，交通环境是动态的、复杂的，这使得RL算法无法很好地工作。34.A。理解主旨要义。根据第四段内容可知，这一段主要介绍了meta-RL模型的运作原理。35.B。推断。根据末段的The experiments revealed that the proposed model could switch controltasks.transitions and rewards.可知，这个新的模型在测试中进展顺利，可以有效模拟实验中的交通状况。七选五导语：本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与自我”主题语境。主要介绍了保持大脑健康的几

知，作者与妹妹不同，她在旅行期间很早就睡了。52.C。此处是指作者的妹妹和其他游客成为了朋友。53.A。根据上文中的arranged for us to have a nice dinner with them和she was the leader可知，作者的妹妹成为了那天旅行中的“领导者”，作者只需要听从妹妹的安排。follower意为“追随者；拥护者”，符合语境。54.D。根据上文作者和妹妹一起旅行的内容可知，作者认为姐妹之间会有很多的不同之处，但是仍然喜欢彼此的陪伴。company作名词，意为“陪伴”，符合语境。55.B。此处是指作者希望能和妹妹再旅行一次。repeat意为“再次发生”，符合语境。第二节主题语境：人与社会一一艺术本文是记叙文。作者分享了自己学古筝的经历和感悟。56.amazing。考查形容词。设空处作前置定语，修饰journey,表示“令人惊喜的”，用形容词，故填amazing。57.who/that。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词instructor,且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。58.his。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“他的”指导，故填形容词性物主代词his。59.over/of。考查介词。control over/of sth.意为“对某物的控制”。60.importance。考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此处表示每首曲子的文化“重要性”，用名词，故填importance。61.producing。考查动词-ing形式。设空处作介词of的宾语，故填producing。62.ways。考查可数名词的复数。way意为“方式；途径”，为可数名词，根据语境和空前的many可知，此处表示复数意义，故填ways。63.a。考查固定搭配。a sense of achievement意为“成就感”。64.certainly。考查副词。设空处作状语，用副词，故填certainly。65.to learn。考查动词不定式。the chance to do sth..意为“做某事的机会”。