(3)检验氯气巾的水蒸气是否除尽（或其他合理答案，2分）(4)由无色变为黄绿色(1分)；大于(1分)(5)10C1+16H++2MnO4—2Mn2++5Cl2↑+8H2O(2分)(6)不能(1分)；氢氧化钙在水中的溶解度很小（且C2吸收不充分或其他合理答案，2分）【解析】(6)室温下，氢氧化钙在水中的溶解度很小。18.(1)Cu2+(2分)；CO号、SO}(2分)(2)BaCO3和BaSO1(2分)(3)取最后一次洗涤液的上层清液，加入硝酸银溶液，若有沉淀生成，则未洗净，反之，则洗净（或其他合理答案，2分)(4)引流(1分)(5)2H++BaCO3—Ba++CO2个+H2O(2分)(6)取一小部分该固体物质溶于水，用洁净的铂丝蘸取该溶液，在酒精灯的外焰上进行灼烧，若出现黄色火焰，则含有Na+,反之，则不含（或其他合理答案，2分）【解析】(6)利用焰色试验能确定该固体物质中是否含有Na+。心金太阳教有【高一化学·参考答案第2页（共2页）】·23-117A1·

2o3tH0+@c=)W0(+C02ooK,C,0,溶液的体积为：mL,则K,Cr,0的浓度为19.(14分)次氯酸(HC1O)消毒液高效安全，适用于一般物体表面消毒、手部消毒，以及地面、空g·L1Md=间和环境消毒。如图，在装置D中制得颜色类似于氯气的，0气体，装置E中得到次氧酸CHCO)。已知CL0气体在42C以上会发生分解，与水反应生成HCO.0-10℃大干燥空气tuoy +cleud叶(1)图中，装置A是采用MO,与浓盐酸反应制取氯气的装置，则装置A中发生反应的化学方程式为装置A为填标号)0.+4浓M20+c不G2tho-0ch学2Moic(2)在实验室通过KMnO,与浓盐酸常温下反应也可制取氯气，据此推断KMnO、C2、M0,三种物质的氧化性由强到弱的顺序为-7M2用化学式表示)；利用足量KMnO,和MnO2制备等量的Cl2时，分别消耗HCl的物质的量之比n(KMnO4消耗的相要HCI):n(MnO2消耗的HCI)=学(3)装置B的作用为除去HC气体，则其中盛装的试剂的名称为胞均装置C,中盛装的试剂为浓疏酸，其作用为干到府o8,tCL二C0tiacHtNoH(4)在装置D中用含水质量分数为8%的碳酸钠吸收C2O,同时还生成NaCl和加NaHCO3,则发生反应的化学方程式为(不考虑人水与C12O的反应)；装置F中盛装的试剂为NaOH溶液，则装置中為发生反应的离方子方程式为汽2A0H+d(5)实验时，需持续通人干燥的空气，其体积大约是氯气的3倍，主要作用是,同时通A屑过气流降低温度，抑制C,0的分解，保证实验安全，成(6)商业上常用“有效氯”来说明消毒剂的消毒能力。“有效氯”指的是一定质量的这种消毒剂与多少质量的氯气的氧化能力相当，其数值可以用此时的氯气的质量对消毒剂质量的叫百分比来表示。例如，100g“84”消毒液与3,55g氯气的氧化能力相当，则该产品的“有效氯”就是3.55%。据此计算C,0的“有效氯”为(保留三位有效数字)TCr.G"tre7./0460+6cA【高一化学第6页（共6页）】002Awacl0年

则C02(g)+3H2(g)=CHOH(g)+H2O(g)△H=kJ.mol厂1.(2)2010年Sheth等得出乙炔在Pd表面选择加氢的反应机理（如图所示）。其中吸附在Pd表面上的物种用*标注。该历程中最大能垒（活化能）为kJmo1厂1，该步骤的化学方程式为C2Ha(g)172CIH2→He+H/个6626C2H2*1*C.I(g)C2H82反应历程(3)《科学美国人》评出的2016年十大创新技术之一是碳呼吸电池，电池原理如图所示。多孔碳电极的电极反应式为负载铝极反应为含CO2空气随着反应的进行，碳呼吸电池中C2O?浓度空气(填“增大减小”或“不变)。草酸A12(C2O4盐溶液18.用海底锰结核（主要成分为MnO2,含少量Mg0、F2O3、Al2O3、SiO2)为原料，制备金属锰、镁的一种工艺流程路线如下：50.萃取剂→滤液1调节pH产滤液2锰结核粉末→滤渣2→滤渣1H2S04有机相1盐殿反苯有机相2→水相2-→MgC2·6H20水相口电解氮镁电解余液已知：①几种难溶物的溶度积(25℃)如下表所示：化学式Mg(OH)2Mn(OH)2Al(OH)3Fe(OH)3Ksp1.8×10111.8×10131.0×10-334.0×1038②溶液中某离子浓度≤1.0×106molL1时，认为该离子沉淀完全。回答下列问题：(1)“锰结核粉末中MnO2与S02反应的离子方程式为(2)滤液1中c(Mn2+)为0.18molL1,则“调节pH的范围为“滤渣2”的成分为(3)Ⅲ”处“萃取剂”萃取的成分是;IV”处用“盐酸反萃”的作用是6

1n为探究外界条件对反应：aA(R十B(g)一：C(g)△H的影A的物质的量分数响，以A和B的物质的量之比为口：b开始反应，通过实验得到来同条件下反应达到有时人的物质的量分数随温空压织的变化如图所示。下列判断正确的是圆NR升高温度，正，逆反应速率都增大，衡常数也增Aa十(C衡后世大容器体积反应会放出热量玉强ngpa0衡后再充人。衡正向移动，再次达到衡后，A的物质的量分微减水3,求事是德电质连等能的独酸物酸的器中省苑孩逐夜(0mL浓度均为10的盐膜和醋酸的混合溶被中，随者NaG落液的滴入，溶液电导率变化的曲线正确的是电导率NaOH溶液体积NaOH溶液体积NaOH溶液体积NaOH溶液体积判为BCD213K时，向某恒容密闭容器中充入等物质的量的C0(0)和H(g,发生反应：C0(g)H(g一C⑧于H0(g),容器内的压强气与时间的关系如图所示，下列有关该反应的判=8)A当容器内混合气体的均摩尔质量不再改变时，该反应达到了断错误的是+p/MPa勺坐衡状态0.5当C0的分压是H起的2倍时，该反应达到了衡状态C,当容器内混合气体的密度不再改变时，该反应达到了衡状264D.当1molO一H键断裂同时有2molC一H键形成时，该反应达到时间/amin了衡状态13.用C,生产某些含氯有机物时会生成副产物HC,利用下列反应可实现氯的循环利用：4HC1(g土0，(g)一2C,(g)+2H,O(g)△H

机密★考试结束前温州市普通高中2023届高三第一次适应性考试化学试题卷2022.11考生须知：1,本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页，满分100分，考试时问90分钟。2,考生答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题卷上。3.选择题的答素须用B铅笔将答题卷上对应题日的答案标号涂黑，如要改动，须将原填涂处用橡皮擦净。4.非选择题的答案须用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔写在答题卷上相应区域内，作图时可先使用B铅笔，确定后须用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔描黑，答素写在本试题卷上无效。5.可能用到的相对原子质量：H1Li7C12N14016Na23Mg24A127Si28P31s32C135.5K39Ca40Mn55Fe56Cu64Ag108I127Ba137选择题部分一、选择题（本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，不选、多选、错选均不得分)1.下列含两种金属阳离子的盐是A.KMnO4B.NaHSO4C.CaCl2D.KAI(SO4)22.下列物质一定能导电的是A.食盐B.石英C.盐酸D.酒精3,下列仪器可加热的是小4.下列物质主要成分的化学式正确的是A.黄铁矿：CuFeS2B.漂粉精：NaCIOC.金刚砂：SiCD.孔雀石：2CuCO3Cu(OH25.下列表示不正确的是HA.SiH4的电子式：HHB.甲酸甲酯的实验式：HCOOCHHHC.乙烯的分子结构示意图：D.SO2的VSEPR模型：H6.下列说法不正确的是A.聚乳酸是高分子，由乳酸经加聚反应制备B.甲酸是最简单的羧酸，最早从蚂蚁中获得C.茱是稠环芳香烃，可用于杀菌、防蛀、驱虫D。氧炔焰的温度很高，常用于焊接或切制金属化学试题卷第1页共8页

19.(15分)亚神酸H3As0,)可用于治疗白血病，亚砷酸在溶液中存在多种微粒形态，各种徽粒的物质的量分数与溶液pH的关系如图所示。1.0As033-H:AsO30.80.60.4H2AsO30.2389.2101214PH(1)人体血液的pH为7.35~7.45，用药后人体所含神元素的主要微粒是(2)将KOH溶液逐滴滴入H3AsO3溶液中，当pH由11变化到12过程中，所发生反应的离子方程式是(3)H3As03第一步电离的方程式为电离常数为Ka,则pK1=一(DK1=一lgK1);己知碳酸的电离常数Ka1=4.5×10-7K2=4.7×10-1",将少量K2CO3溶液加入H3AsO3溶液中，写出反应的离子方程式(4)下列说法中正确的是（填序号）。A.pH=12时，c(H2AsO3）+2c(HAs032-)+3c(AsO33-)+c(OH)=c(H)B.pH=14,c(AsO33-)>c(HAsO32-)>c(H2AsO3)>c(OH-)C.Na2HAsO3溶液中，c(HAsO32-)>c(H2AsO3)>c(As033-)(5)工业含神（Ⅲ）废水常用铁盐处理后排放。其原理是：铁盐混凝剂在溶液中产生F(OH)3胶粒，其表面带有正电荷，可吸附含砷化合物。通过实验测得不同pH条件下铁盐对含砷（皿化合物的去除率，如图所示pH100为5-9时，随溶液pH的增大，铁盐混凝剂对含砷800(Ⅲ化合物的吸附效果增强。结合本题图示，解60释可能的原因。【注】砷(I)代表化合价为+3价404pH=9的砷元素。20·pH=70o pH=5①②051015205时间/min高二化学第8页

8.【答案】B【解析】根据计算，0~5min内，o(N2)甲=0.05mol·L-1·min1,A正确；甲容器中，5min时浓度熵为Q.=号T1,C正确；恒容条件下通入惰性气体，反应物的浓度不变，反应速率不变，D正确。9.【答案】C【解析】0.1ol·L1HA溶液pH=5,因此HA为弱酸，电离常数为10-9，A错误；b点溶质为等物质的量的NaA和HA,根据电荷守恒c(Na+)十c(H+)=c(OH-)十c(A-),结合物料守恒2c(Na+)=c(HA)十c(A)可知c(HA)-c(A-)=2c(OH)-2c(H),B错误；c点HA和NaOH恰好完全反应，溶质为NaA,Kw=c(H)·c(OH-),稀释过程中溶液体积增大，则(H)·n(OH-)增大，C正确；HC1是强酸，在溶液中完全电高，a点时的落液中c(1H+)-01olX0.028nlX0.01L-高molL,则水电离0.03L出的c(H+)=1.0×10-一mol·L-1=3×10-13mol·L-1,D错误。3010.【答案】D【解析】在a电极上O2得到电子被还原为H2O,a为原电池装置的正极，A错误；b电极为负极，负极的电极反应式为：HCHO-4e+H2O—CO2十4H+,B错误；电池的总反应为O2十HCHO—CO2+H2O,硫酸的浓度变小，C错误；若反应过程中转移4mol电子，参加反应的HCHO的物质的量为1mol,则容器内参加反应的甲醛(HCHO)的质量(HCHO)=30g,D正确。11.【答案】D【解析】NH3·H2O为弱电獬质，加水稀释促进电离，由于溶液体积增大，pH反而减小，A错误；向2L0.1mol·L-1AgNO3溶液中加入2滴0.1mol·L-1NaC1溶液出现白色沉淀，反应后硝酸银过量，滴加碘化钾也会生成碘化银沉淀，不能证明相同温度下：Ksp(AgCI)>Ksp(AgI),B错误；NaC1O溶液具有漂白性，不能用pH试纸测NaC1O溶液的pH,C错误；根据该实验的用量分析，2Fe3++2I一2Fe2+十I2,I过量，而溶液变红色则Fé3+还剩余，说明该反应是可逆反应，有一定限度，D正确。12.【答案】CD【解析】反应中，氧气发生还原反应，反应中HNO被氧化为产物P1或P2,A错误；物质的能量越低越稳定，中间产物Z比中间产物X更稳定，B错误；因为由中间产物Z生成P1的活化能远小于从中间产物Z生成P2的活化能，所以在相同条件下，由中间产物Z转化为产物的速率：(P1)>v(P2),C正确；中间产物Y转化为中间产物Z的能量变化△H=一3.77kJ·mol-1,D正确。13.【答案】AC【解析】NH4C1属于强酸弱碱盐，由于NH4的水解促进水的电离，CH COOH电离的H+抑制水的电离，因此水的电离程度不相同，A错误；K,=(H)(CC00）,加水虽促进电离，n(CH,CO0)增大，但c(CH:COOH)c(H+)c(CH,CO0)减小，K。保持不变，则溶液中(C,CO0增大，B正确；向醋酸钠溶液中加人适量醋酸，得到的酸性混合溶液，溶液呈酸性，则c(H+)>c(OH-),溶液中存在电荷守恒c(H+)十c(Na)=c(CH3COO)十c(OH-),则c(Na+)

M:Are you doing work this late at night again?It's almost 2:00 a.m.Your eyes need somerest,dear.W:No,I was reading a book online,but now I'm just checking out the news.Did you hearthat Amanda was found in the forest?M:Who is Amanda?W:She's a young woman who lives in Hawaii.She went hiking through a forest four days agoand never came back home.Hundreds of people had been searching for her.M:Maybe she ran away.W:No,that wasn't the reason.M:Maybe she got lost.W:Not likely,since she knew the paths well.M:So,have they found her?W:Yes,they just found her today.She had fallen by a waterfall.Her leg was broken,so shecouldn't climb back up to get help.Text 9M:Are you looking for something special?W:Yes.I want to buy my dad a nice gift for Father's Day.I usually couldn't get him thingsthat he likes,so I want to get it right this time.M:Well,we have many items that men usually like.Does he use computers much?We sell ascreen cover that protects the eyes.W:No,he's not much interested in technology.M:How about clothes,then?Our shirts and ties are some of our most popular Father's Dayproducts.W:That's what I bought him last year-a nice jacket.He never wore it.But he liked mybrother's gift,which was a camera.He uses it to take many pictures from different parts ofthe world.M:Your father probably likes to travel,right?W:That's true.M:Then I have a perfect gift for him:a foldable travel bag.It can carry a lot of things,and it'scomfortable to hold.When you aren't using it,the bag can be folded into a carrying bag thatis as small as a wallet.Text 10Even though they know it's bad for their health,most Americans still sit for long periods oftime.The U.S.Department of Health says that Americans should move around more.Agroup at the Washington University School of Medicine just finished a study of more than50,000 people on this topic.The results are not very good.Between 2001 and 2016,theamount of time most people sit down every day increased.Teenagers spent about 7 hoursper day sitting,but it went up an hour by the end of the study in 2016.Adults went from 5.5hours to 6.5 hours.Researchers also found that most of the people in the study spent atleast 2 hours a day sitting and watching TV or videos.Elderly people had the highestnumber of TV watchers.at 84 percent.Even 62 percent of children under 12 spent thatmuch time watching shows each day.Sitting too much time is related to health problemslike being very fat and having heart problems.第二部分阅读2

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What does the woman think of the yellow rings?A.Too big.B.Too expensive.C.Perfect.7.What will the man buy for the woman?A.The red rings.B.The blue necklaceC.The yellow necklace.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What does the woman ask the man to do?A.Visit their friends.B.Look after her homeC.Help with her work.9.What does the woman almost forget to do?A.Deliver newspapers.B.Close the windows.(C Cancel the milk.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Why does the woman dislike Jason's new film?mA feoM odTA.It's boring.B.It lasts too long.C.Its ticket is expensive.11.Whose books are attractive in the woman's opinion?A.Jason's.B.Stephen King's.C.Sandra Bullock's12.What will the peakers do tonight?A.See a film at the cinema.B.Go out for dinner.C.Watch TV at home.dirin sin2 midI听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.What is the woman most concerned about as to the hotel?A.The position.B.The price.C.The environment.14.How do the two speakers feel about the hotels in London?A.Quite uncomfortable.B Really expensive.C.Very remote.15.How much will the woman pay in total?A.￡220.B.E400.nC.￡660.ndtn16.Where is the Hard Rock Hotel?A.Opposite Marble Arch station.B.On the right of Hyde Park.C.Opposite a restaurant.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.What was the weather like that day?A Foggy.B.Rainy.C.Snowy.18.What was one of the frightening things?A.The speaker's car ran through red lights.B.The speaker's car was likely to break down.C.The speaker couldn't see the road clearly.【高三英语第2页（共10页川803C·HB·

7.How old is the dog?A.Two years old.B.Ten years old.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。C.Eleven years old.Why do the speakers need more ideas?A.To reduce the cost.B.To design new products.C.To increase the market share.019.When will the speakers have a discussion?A.Next Monday.B.This Wednesday.C.This Friday.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Where did the woman get the information about the swimming course?A.From her friend.B.From the Internet.C.From a newspaper.11.How many lessons does the course provide?A.3.B.6.C.15.12.What is provided for free for the learner?A.A lifebelt.B.A swimsuit.C.A towel.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Which place are the speakers in?A.Toronto.B.Manila.C.Vancouver.14.What does the woman think of Toronto?A.The snow there is less.义店的2 ba to on9er读B.The snow there is deeper.C.It's hotter than Manila in winter.离15.What did the man do last night?A.He watched the snow falling.体B.He made a snowman.C.He cleared the road.少16.What does the woman dislike when it snows?性B.Losing electricity.C.Driving in the snow.A.Missing school.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。中17.What did the rierget eac ast year?不无C.An electronic dictionary.高A.A stamp book.B.A bunch of roses.What the mttors decide for themseve this year?A.The title of the story.B.The prize they'll get.C.The style of the story.·23-148B·【高二英语第2页（共10页）】