-

用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were asked。ceived over the years”并结合备选词汇可知，他们67.deeply【解析】句意：我们的母亲想念对我们都很友好，应用friend的形容词形式。故我们所有的亲人。分析句子结构可知，空处应为填friendly。副词修饰动词missed。根据上文母亲要求我们73.knew【解析】句意：在我们长大的过程中，母亲给家乡的亲人写信并结合备选词汇可知，她应是确保我们始终自己是谁和我们来自哪很想念亲人，故应用deep的副词形式。故填里。分析句子结构可知，空处应为that引导的宾deeply语从句中的谓语动词；根据“who we were and68.cheapest【解析】句意：我们很穷，写信是我们与where we came from'”并结合备选词汇可知，母亲他人保持联系的也是唯一的方式。分应是确保我们始终知道自己是难和来自哪里，应析句子结构可知，空处应为形容词修饰名词用动词know;根据“As we grew up”可知，动词应way;根据“We were so poor'”并结合备选词汇可用过去式。故填knew。知，写信是我们与他人保持联系的一种便宜的方74.hearts【解析】句意：她让我们通过一生的写信式，应用形容词cheap;根据空前the可知，此处应与一些远在千里之外却贴近我们的亲用形容词最高级形式。故填cheapest。戚保持着联系。分析句子结构可知，空处应为介69.to enjoy/enjoying【解析】句意：但随着时间的推词to的宾语；根据but前“were thousands of miles移，我和妹妹开始它。分析句子结构可away”并结合备选词汇可知，此处应是指和亲戚知，空处应为非谓语动词形式；根据转折连词But的心离得很近，应用名词heart;根据空前“our”可前“The last thing I had to do was to sit down for an知，名词应用复数形式。故填hearts。hour and write letters to people I hardly knew."九、【高分范文】结合备选词汇可知，此处指我们开始喜欢写信，How to spend my spare time此处应用动词enjoy,短语begin to do sth./beginRecently,our school did a survey about howdoing sth.开始做某事，空处应用动词不定式/动students spend their spare time.Here are the results.In名词形式。故填to enjoy/enjoying。.their spare time,37%of the students choose to get new70.meaningful【解析】句意：了解一整个看起来并knowledge and skills.32%of them like to improve their听起来都与我们相似的家庭是分析work and study efficiency.And 26%of them prefer to句子结构可知，空处应为形容词作表语；根据“orelax themselves.5%of students spend their spare timeget to know a whole family which looked and soun-in other ways.ded just like ours'”并结合备选词汇可知，了解一I spent my spare time learning the sign language整个看起来和听起来都与我们相似的家庭是有through watching online courses.Being interested in the意义的，应用meaning的形容词形式。故填sign language,which is an important way of communi-meaningful.cating with people who are deaf,I watched videos and71.illness【解析】句意：几年后，我母亲死于一场重practised every day.After months of learning,I started。分析句子结构可知，空前有冠词a,故volunteering at a local deaf school where I made some空处应为单数名词：结合备选词汇可知，母亲应new friends.Learning the sign language in my spare死于一场重病，应用l的名词形式。故填time not only enriched my knowledge but also im-nessoproved my ability to study.Moreover,learning the sign72.friendly【解析】句意：他们对我们都language was fun and relaxing for me,giving me a sense并拿出相册，里面装满了我们的照片，还有这些of achievement and confidence.I think everyone should年来他们收到的信件。分析句子结构可知，空处use their spare time wisely,as it can improve our quality应为形容词作表语；根据“took out albums(相册)of life.full of photos of us as well as the letters they'd re

30.Who will benefit from the rhyme-as-reason effect?A.Famous writers.B.Publishing houses.31.What's the text mainly talking about?D.Advertising companies.A.The power of rhyme.B.The importance of language.C.The use of figurative speech is encouraged.D.People judge poetic language as more truthful.Pemale md o buterieh developnmer weather have fewero theirinanpeeted adaptaion o gba heang.Thediscvryde byUniver Exeerfound that females whose chrysalises()developed at 11had ipooehilhdeveloping 15 had just three.The findings may challenge insect experlong-eld viwsaboubutterflies have varying numbers of spots.The meadow brown,a common midsummer butterfly found on grasslands across Europe,has largeeyespots on its forewings which are believed to alarm hunters.The eyespots also encourage potentialhunters to home in on the wing-edge where the spots are positioned,well away from the butterfly's weakbody,enabling the insect to escape attacks with no more damage than broken wings.Meadow browns also have smaller spots on their back wings,which probably serve as camouflage(when the butterfly is resting in grass.(Prof Richard Ffrench-Constant,from Exeter's Centre for Ecology and Conservation and co-author ofthe study,said,"Our findings show that fewer of these back wing spots appear when females experiencehigher temperatures during the pupal stage().This suggests the butterflies adapt their camouflagebased on the conditions.For example,with fewer spots they may be harder to spot on dry,brown grassthat would be more common in hot weather.We did not observe such a strong effect in males,possiblybecause their spots are important for sexual selection."Eyespot variation in meadow brown butterflies has been used as an example of genetic polymorphism(遗传多态性)，whereby multiple genetic forms live together in a single population,in the decades sincethe classic study of butterflies by the biologist EB Ford in 1948.But the new study,published in the journal Ecology and Evolution,shows that eyespot variation iscaused by the butterfly's ability to react to changing temperatures.The researchers predict the spots on meadow browns will decrease as the British climate heats up.Ffrench-Constant added,This is an unexpected result of elimate change.We tend to think about speciesmoving north,rather than changing appearance."32.What influences the number of spots on female meadow brown butterflies?B.Diet.A.Sex.D.Geographical location.C.Temperature.高三英语第6页（共10页）

30.Who will benefit from the rhyme-as-reason effect?A.Famous writers.B.Publishing houses.31.What's the text mainly talking about?D.Advertising companies.A.The power of rhyme.B.The importance of language.C.The use of figurative speech is encouraged.D.People judge poetic language as more truthful.Pemale md o buterieh developnmer weather have fewero theirinanpeeted adaptaion o gba heang.Thediscvryde byUniver Exeerfound that females whose chrysalises()developed at 11had ipooehilhdeveloping 15 had just three.The findings may challenge insect experlong-eld viwsaboubutterflies have varying numbers of spots.The meadow brown,a common midsummer butterfly found on grasslands across Europe,has largeeyespots on its forewings which are believed to alarm hunters.The eyespots also encourage potentialhunters to home in on the wing-edge where the spots are positioned,well away from the butterfly's weakbody,enabling the insect to escape attacks with no more damage than broken wings.Meadow browns also have smaller spots on their back wings,which probably serve as camouflage(when the butterfly is resting in grass.(Prof Richard Ffrench-Constant,from Exeter's Centre for Ecology and Conservation and co-author ofthe study,said,"Our findings show that fewer of these back wing spots appear when females experiencehigher temperatures during the pupal stage().This suggests the butterflies adapt their camouflagebased on the conditions.For example,with fewer spots they may be harder to spot on dry,brown grassthat would be more common in hot weather.We did not observe such a strong effect in males,possiblybecause their spots are important for sexual selection."Eyespot variation in meadow brown butterflies has been used as an example of genetic polymorphism(遗传多态性)，whereby multiple genetic forms live together in a single population,in the decades sincethe classic study of butterflies by the biologist EB Ford in 1948.But the new study,published in the journal Ecology and Evolution,shows that eyespot variation iscaused by the butterfly's ability to react to changing temperatures.The researchers predict the spots on meadow browns will decrease as the British climate heats up.Ffrench-Constant added,This is an unexpected result of elimate change.We tend to think about speciesmoving north,rather than changing appearance."32.What influences the number of spots on female meadow brown butterflies?B.Diet.A.Sex.D.Geographical location.C.Temperature.高三英语第6页（共10页）

6,在C回路中，电容器两端的电压u随时间t变化的关系图像如图所示，则4A从2至。时刻，电路中的电场能不断增大B.在时刻，电路中的磁场能最大C在时刻，电路中的电流最大D.从s至时刻，电容器的带电荷量不断减少2X7.图为一理想变压器，原、副线圈的匝数比为n=10：1,原线圈接电压为u=220sin100πt(V)L的正弦交流电，副线圈接有一个理想交流电流表和一个电动机，电动机的线圈电阻R=10Q。当电动机带动一质量m=0.1kg的重物匀速上升时，电流表的示数I=1A,取重力加速度大。小g=10m/s2,下列说法正确的是(AA线圈中电流变化的周期是0.04$XB.原线圈中的电流为10Am中电动机工C.电动机的电功率是11√2WD.重物匀速上升的速度为3m/s21V7乳av二、多项选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得6分；选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。8列有关全反射的说法正确的是A.光由光疏介质进人光密介质时不可能发生全反射B.光导纤维导光利用了全反射原理

-

四.计算题（本题共1小题，共5分)23.(1)4.4g（2分)(2)(3分).解：设菱镁矿中MgCO3的质量为x。MgCO3+H2S04=MgSO4+H2O+CO2184444.4g84:44=x:4.4gx=8.4g(2分)菱镁矿中镁元素的质量分数=[（8.4g×24/84)÷10g]×100%=24%一（1分)答：该菱镁矿中镁元素的质量分数为24%。。株洲市2024年初中学业水模拟检测化学参考答案及评分标准第2页（共2页）

出突触前膜、扩散到突触后膜有关7.中国是世界上最大的苹果生产和消费国。苹果黄蚜（一种蚜虫）是苹果园中的主要害虫。研究人员采用悬挂粘虫板的方式统计不同种植模式下苹果黄蚜种群数量的变化，结果如图所示。下列叙述错误的是()数量（头·板）1401…自然生长120一间作大豆一一间作首蓿1008840200IZ89胃母马墨R&坚A.可采用五点取样的方式在果园中悬挂粘虫板以调查苹果黄蚜的种群密度B.8月16日-10月18日期间苹果黄蚜种群数量主要受密度制约因素的影响C.自然生长模式苹果园的苹果黄蚜爆发时间早，虫害持续时间长D.推测间作模式更利于苹果黄蚜天敌种群数量的增加8.高原鼠兔所挖掘的洞穴可为许多小型鸟类提供巢穴，小型鸟类可为高原鼠兔预警天敌。高原鼠兔有多种天敌，如藏狐。为研究捕食风险对高原鼠兔种群密度增长率的影响，研究人员用仿生无人机模拟捕食者，得到如图所示的结果。下列叙述错误的是（)司无处理组☐无人机组0低密度高密度A.高原鼠兔和小型鸟类的种间关系为原始合作B.仿生无人机模拟高原鼠兔的捕食者给高原兔传递的信息有物理信息C.据图可推测高密度的高原鼠兔可以有效地降低由捕食风险带来的繁殖抑制D.高原鼠兔传递给藏狐的能量占高原鼠兔同化量的10%~20%9.某团队通过多代细胞培养，将小鼠胚胎干细胞的Y染色体去除，获得XO胚胎干细胞，再经过一系列处理，使之转变为有功能的卵母细胞。下列错误的是()A.XO胚胎干细胞转变为有功能的卵母细胞的过程发生了细胞分化B.获得XO胚胎干细胞的过程发生了染色体数目变异C.营养供应充足时，传代培养的胚胎干细胞不会发生接触抑制D.若某濒危哺乳动物仅存雄性个体，可用该法获得有功能的卵母细胞用于繁育高三生物第3页共12页

24.我国科研团队将人血清白蛋白基因转入水稻中，使大米变成“生物工厂”，生产人体需要的血清白蛋白。该过程主要运用A.发酵技术B.克隆技术C.转基因技术D,组织培养技术25.关于生命的起源和生物的进化，下列叙述正确的是A.古代爬行类进化为原始鸟类，原始鸟类进化为原始哺乳类B.越简单、越低等的生物化石出现在新近形成的地层里C.米勒实验说明，原始地球上能产生构成生物体的有机物D.生物的变异是定向的，自然选择也是定向的二、非选择题(50分)26.(7分)雷竹笋是一种常见的食材，肉质细嫩，营养丰富，却不宜多食。(1)竹笋是竹子地下茎上的芽发育而来，这种生殖方式属于生殖。(2)当雷竹笋从地下钻出土壤，笋尖会转为绿色，俗称“出青”。“出青”糖类后的笋含有更多的氰苷，并在酶的催化下会产生有毒的氢氰酸。为避免雷竹笋在出土后继续生长的过程中“出青”，农民可采取的合理措施是(3)如图为竹子与竹笋的生长示意图，光合作用产生的糖类通过(填“导管”或“筛管”)运输给竹笋，为竹笋细胞的生命活动提供并参与构建细胞。(4)研究人员测定了雷竹、高节竹和孝顺竹叶片的叶绿素含量、气孔开放度、光合作用速率，结果如下表（注：表格中数据为相对含量，单位略去）。检测项目雷竹高节竹孝顺竹叶绿素含量2.092.0519.25气孔开放度17.476.6861.09光合作用速率2.031.9415.72结合表中数据和所学知识分析，分析孝顺竹的的光合作用速率高的原因是除此之外，请再写出一个影响光合作用速率的因素：27.(10分)微塑料是直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，目前在多个生态系统中都发现了微塑料的存在。某研究小组做了如下实验：挑选140条斑马鱼幼鱼，均分成7组，分别放入不同浓度的微塑料溶液的培养皿中，28℃恒温培养，5天后统计幼鱼的成活率。结果如下表：组别ABC DEFG微塑料溶液浓度(mg/L)00.1110100200500幼鱼成活率(%)100999078472918(1)本实验作出的假设是(2)该实验的对照组是组，实验变量是为确保实验结果仅由该变量引起，应当使实验所选用的斑马鱼幼鱼的等保持大致相同。(3)2022年3月，科学家首次在人体血液中检测到了微塑料污染。推测：血液中的微塑料可能通过系统，经吸收过程，进入的毛细血管。除此之外，微塑料还可能通过系统，进入毛细血管。株洲市2024年初中学业水考试模拟检测生物试题卷第4页（共6页)